诉讼程序

Then with statistical analysis of the range of self-incriminating cases, the results of the first instance, the judicial organization of the first instance, the surrogate and advocacy of the first instance and of the second instance, I found, in practice, the self-incriminating cases have the following characteristics: The range of self-incriminating cases is small which mainly focus on 10 imputations; no public prosecution into private prosecution; the verdicts still lie a very important position, among which are lots of guilty verdicts; intermediation is the main way in ending a case, however, the intermediation system is not normative in practice; the cases of defendants escape is increasing, as a result, the suspension of private prosecution is also increasing; the court more depend on collegial bench, and less summary procedure; the party make less use of the system of surrogate and advocacy; the methods of processing mode are flexible in the second instance, etc.

在这样的基础上，通过对自诉案件范围、一审处理结果、一审审判组织情况、一审代理辩护情况、二审审理情况的统计分析，发现实践中自诉程序有如下特点：自诉案集中在10个罪名，自诉案件的范围很小；没有公诉转自诉案件；判决在自诉案件的审理中仍然占有重要地位，其中有罪判决占大多数；调解是自诉案件结案的主要方式，但是各地调解制度在运行中都不规范也不统一；被告人逃跑的案例在某些地方有增多的趋势，中止审理的自诉案随之增加；多种因素导致法院更多的以合议庭来审理自诉案件，而较少独任审判和适用简易程序；自诉案件当事人对诉讼代理和辩护制度的利用率不高；二审自诉案件的处理方式灵活等等。

To compare with the investigating judge system in Germany, there are some problems in the court system in the criminal investigating procedure in Taiwan. For a court to command a coercive means in the criminal investigating procedure, the legal rules in our Criminal Procedure Law are insufficient. Therefore, the jurisdiction of the court and the process in jurisdictional dispute in the criminal investigating procedure are not clear and definite. The organization of the court in the criminal investigating procedure still is an issue. Also, the order of the authority distribution is not formed yet in our criminal investigating procedure. The limits of authority of the court are indefinite. Even on the form of the court's decision and the grievance procedure, there are different opinions in practice and theory.

就我国侦查中法院之运作而言，对於侦查程序中强制处分及证据保全之权限分配，我国刑事诉讼制度其实亦不乏明文规定，但是，在侦查法官之引进空间下，检视我国侦查程序之现况，可以发现，就强制处分之监督功能而言，由於现行法在制度面上规范之不足，我国侦查中法院之运作，对於其管辖权之划分标准及管辖权错误之处理，产生法律适用之疑虑；法院组织之方式及法院事务分配规则之适用上发生争议；而对於侦查权限之分配，亦存在著法官保留范围狭隘及法院审查权限不明确之问题；甚至，对於侦查中法院之裁判形式及其救济途径之选择，仍有不同之意见，以致於造成我国侦查中法院运作之困难。

It is very difficult to avoid miscarriage of criminal justice completely, but errors continued in the later part of procedure is a problem worth thinking.

在刑事诉讼中完全避免刑事司法错误难以办到，但是，在随后的司法程序上连续重复前面程序上所犯的错误，却是值得深思的问题。

Thirdly,basis and standard of scope of shutoff effect which existing inthe interlocking fields between claim and issue preclusion.Furthermore,based on the principleof procedural guarantee,the author studies the principle of adjusting scope of claim preclusion.

进而，通过民事诉讼上的程序保障原则，探讨判决效力调整原理的理论，最后再以程序保障原则的实践，探讨既判力的主观范围、时间范围、客观范围。

Preliminary Hearing Procedure is a very important pretrial procedure in criminal procedure.

预审程序是刑事诉讼中一个重要的审判前程序。

The first part of this paper is about the value and necessity of the pretrial procedure.

本文首先在第一部分着重阐述了民事诉讼审前准备程序所具有的独立价值及设立审前准备程序的必要性。

Authoritative sources yesterday disclosed that have been submitted to the Supreme People's Court "Securities Act" proposed draft judicial interpretation "on hearing the Securities infringement dispute case provides a number of", proposed the abolition of securities infringement litigation front administrative procedures and insider trading , To manipulate the market and other securities violations are brought into the can.

证券取消原先民事诉讼据报道，最高法院的建议权威昨日透露，已经提交给最高人民法院&证券法源&提出的审理证券侵权纠纷案件的司法解释草案&提供了&的号码，提出了证券侵权诉讼前和行政程序取消内幕交易，操纵市场，和侵犯其他证券被带入可以。

This article probes problems on establishment of criminal public interest litigation in our country including respects about domain of cases,subjects,way and conditions of suits,jurisdiction,trial procedure.distribution of burden of proof and reward.control system

从受案范围、提起公益诉讼的主体、方式、条件、管辖与审理程序、举证责任分配以及激约机制等方面探讨了我国刑事公益诉讼制度的建构问题。

The procedure of criminal investigation is an important section, which is related to the process of the whole criminal justice system.

侦查程序是刑事诉讼的重要环节，它关系到整个诉讼的进程。

Reformulates our country civil retrial system, we may do following several aspects:We should overcome the absolute wrong tendencies guiding ideology which is" right wrongs by seeking truth from facts," Reaffirm civil purposes, ensure the exercise of the right of the parties, establish and maintain effective balance between correcting mistakes judgment and stability、 authority, achieve the balance of relief to flaw judgment and res judicata, coordinate social justice and order, which should be new guiding ideas of civil retrial system.

重构我国的民事审制度，可以从以下几个方面入手：我们应当克服将&实事求是、有错必纠&指导思想绝对化的错误倾向，将&重新确认民事诉讼目的，确保当事人诉讼权利的行使，树立兼顾纠正错误裁判与保持生效裁判稳定性、权威性，以实现判决既判力与判决瑕疵之救济的平衡，使社会正义与秩序相协调&确定为民事再审程序的新的指导思想。

I didn't watch TV last night, because it .

昨晚我没有看电视，因为电视机坏了。

Since this year, in a lot of villages of Beijing, TV of elevator liquid crystal was removed.

今年以来，在北京的很多小区里，电梯液晶电视被撤了下来。