诉讼的

Party system, it is criminal a of system of accessary and civil suit main component.

梗概： 当事人制度，是刑事附带民事诉讼制度的一个重要组成部分。

Yesterday, guangzhou quadrangle maintains 315 websites not to form tort to reject Guangzhou accrete yuan litigant request.

昨日，广州中院认定315网站不构成侵权驳回广州合生元的诉讼请求。

Reason does not agree with the lawsuit of accuser to request.

故不同意原告的诉讼请求。

But that wasn't good enough for the ACLU, who filed suit, won, and had the nativity scene removed.

但那是不够的锡人提起诉讼，获胜，并拆除现场降生。

Article 152 Where a director or senior manager is under the circumstance as stated in Article 150 of this Law, the shareholder of the limited liability company or joint stock limited company separately or aggregately holding 1% or more of the total shares of the company may require the board of supervisors or the supervisor of the limited liability company with no board of supervisors in writing to file a lawsuit in the people's court. If the supervisor is under the circumstance as stated in Article 150 of this Law, the aforesaid shareholder may require the board of directors or the acting director of the limited liability company with no board of directors to in writing lodge a lawsuit in the people's court.

第一百五十二条董事、高级管理人员有本法第一百五十条规定的情形的，有限责任公司的股东、股份有限公司连续一百八十日以上单独或者合计持有公司百分之一以上股份的股东，可以书面请求监事会或者不设监事会的有限责任公司的监事向人民法院提起诉讼；监事有本法第一百五十条规定的情形的，前述股东可以书面请求董事会或者不设董事会的有限责任公司的执行董事向人民法院提起诉讼。

Article 152 Where a director or senior manager is under the circumstance as stated in Article 150 of this Law, the shareholder of the limited liability company or joint stock limited company separately or aggregately holding 1% or more of the total shares of the company may require the board of supervisors or the supervisor of the limited liability company with no board of supervisors in writing to file a lawsuit in the peoples court. If the supervisor is under the circumstance as stated in Article 150 of this Law, the aforesaid shareholder may require the board of directors or the acting director of the limited liability company with no board of directors to in writing lodge a lawsuit in the peoples court.

第一百五十二条董事、高级管理人员有本法第一百五十条规定的情形的，有限责任公司的股东、股份有限公司连续一百八十日以上单独或者合计持有公司百分之一以上股份的股东，可以书面请求监事会或者不设监事会的有限责任公司的监事向人民法院提起诉讼；监事有本法第一百五十条规定的情形的，前述股东可以书面请求董事会或者不设董事会的有限责任公司的执行董事向人民法院提起诉讼。

In this paper I compare and study of pre-trial preparation outside the civil system and inspect the reform on the judicial practice and development of the system of pre-trial preparations of the thread, try to improve our pre-trial preparation process to find a feasible path, and the corresponding theoretical ideas. The main ideas are: First, in building a well-prepared pre-trial procedures, we must first solve the problem of litigation patterns" change and the introduction of partyism litigation concept; Second, establishing the indicting and replying procedures and replying losing rights rules, which are suitable for China"s national conditions; Third, redistributing the powers of judges and the parties and enhance the status of the main parties, further strengthen the parties evidence-gathering capability; Fourth, reshaping our mediation system.

本文比较研究了域外的民事审前准备制度，考察了我国司法实践中关于审前准备制度的改革和发展的脉络，力图找到完善我国审前准备程序的可行路径，并提出了相应的理论设想，主要有：第一，在我国构建完善的审前准备程序，首先要解决的问题是诉讼模式的转轨和当事人主义诉讼理念的引进；第二，确立适合我国国情的诉答程序以及答辩失权制度；第三，重新分配法官和当事人的权限，提升当事人的主体地位，进一步加强当事人的证据收集能力；第四，重塑我国的调解制度。

"Against all liabilities, claims, demands, proceedings, costs or expenses of whatsoeer nature which may be made or brought against or incurred by the lessor by reason of any loss, injury, death or damage caused or chaimed to be caused to any person or of any loss of or damage to property occasioned by or arising or claimed to be occasioned or to arise directly or indirectly out of the manufacture, deliery, presence, possession, proision, operation, use, instalment, remoal, transportation, replacement or repair of the goods and whether arising or claimed to arise out of defects in the goods or by reason of the goods infringing or being claimed to infringe any patent, copyright, confidential information of other intellectual property rights."

&对出租人可能提出的或出租人可能招致的，由于以下原因的所有责任、索赔、要求、诉讼、费用或任何性质的开支，其原因或者是直接或间接因货物的制造、送交、存在、占有、供应、操作、使用、安装、移动、运输、替换或修理，不论是否由于或据称由于货物有缺陷，而对任何人造成或据称造成的任何损失、伤害、死亡或损害，或对财产造成或引起或据称造成或引起的任何灭失或损害，或者是因货物侵犯或据称侵犯任何专利、版权、机密情报或其他智力产权&。这里保证补偿的是&……一切责任、索赔、要求、诉讼、费用或任何性质的开支&，其原因有两种情况，一是租赁货物对人或财产造成损害，二是租赁货物侵犯智力产权。关于第一种情况，合同不厌其烦地列举&直接或间接因货物的制造、送交、存在、占有、供应、操作、使用、安装、移动、运输、替换或修理，不论是否由于或据称由于货物有缺陷……&。这段话中多次提到&造成&、&引起&，但都要加上&或据称&，成为&造成或据称造成&、&引起或据称引起&。

Following its landmark ruling on securities litigation in the Stoneridge case, which curtails the ability of defrauded investors to sue third parties, America's Supreme Court denied an appeal from former Enron investors hoping to revive their $40 billion class-action lawsuit against Wall Street banks that helped to finance their deals.

在～之后在 Stoneridge 箱的安全诉讼上的它有里程碑意义的裁决，缩减诈骗的投资者的能力控告第三者，美国的最高法院否认了来自前 Enron 投资者的一个诉愿希望苏醒他们的$对抗华尔街的四百亿个等级-作用诉讼存入银行以帮助供给他们的交易经费。

In consideration of the foregoing Confidential Release of All Claims entered into between Jane Doe and Company X, as defined in the Confidential Release of All Claims, the husband of Jane Doe, John Doe, warrants and covenants for now and in perpetuity not to sue Company X, its predecessors, successors, partners, joint venturers, affiliates, parent companies, related corporations or companies, subsidiaries, divisions, assigns, Board members, officers, employees, agents, servants, specifically including, without limitation, George Washington and Benjamin Franklin, attorneys, suppliers and vendors, specifically including Staffing Agency X and Abraham Lincoln ("Company X"), for any and all debts, claims, actions, conduct or omissions regarding him and his application for employment at Company X, or any other matters and including, but not limited to, claims concerning his wife which were made or might have been made, or by reason of any matter, cause or thing whatsoever arising under any state or federal law or regulation relating to his wife's former employment relationship with Company X, the circumstances of her resignation, or any alleged relationship between Jane Doe and Samuel Adams or any debt of Samuel Adams to Jane Doe or to John Doe as of the date of this Covenant Not To Sue; and

作为Jane Dow与X公司（见以上保密弃权书中的定义）签订的保密弃权书的对价，Jane Dow的丈夫，John Dow，在此保证和承诺，现在不会，以后亦将永远不会针对X公司及其前身、继任者、合伙伙伴、合营企业、关联方、母公司、相关企业或公司、子公司、分支机构、受让人、董事会成员、高级职员、代理人、雇员（特别包括但不限于George Washington 和Benjamin Franklin）、律师、供应商和卖家（特别包括但不限于X人才代理服务公司和Abraham Lincoln），就与其本人及其向X公司提交的求职申请有关的一切债务、权利主张、诉讼、作为或不作为或任何其他事项（包括但不限于已提起或可能已提起的与其妻有关的权利主张），或依据州或联邦法律法规以与其妻和X公司先前雇佣关系、其妻辞职情形、Jane Dow与Samuel Adams之间据称存在的关系或截至本承诺书签署之日Samuel Adams欠Jane Doe或John Doe债务有关的任何事项、事因或事物为由，提起任何诉讼；并

We have no common name for a mime of Sophron or Xenarchus and a Socratic Conversation; and we should still be without one even if the imitation in the two instances were in trimeters or elegiacs or some other kind of verse--though it is the way with people to tack on 'poet' to the name of a metre, and talk of elegiac-poets and epic-poets, thinking that they call them poets not by reason of the imitative nature of their work, but indiscriminately by reason of the metre they write in.

索夫农 、森那库斯和苏格拉底式的对话采用的模仿没有一个公共的名称；三音步诗、挽歌体或其他类型的诗的模仿也没有——人们把&诗人&这一名词和格律名称结合到一起，称之为挽歌体诗人或者史诗诗人，他们被称为诗人，似乎只是因为遵守格律写作，而非他们作品的模仿本质。

The relationship between communicative competence and grammar teaching should be that of the ends and the means.

交际能力和语法的关系应该是目标与途径的关系。