诉讼的

Circuity of Action is a long-standing problem in patent invalidity declaratory judgmentlitigation in China.

我国专利无效诉讼领域长期存在"循环诉讼"的问题。

Terminologically, it seems that there is no "hermeneutic right" in Anglo-American genealogy of law; yet we have found that judges have more and more administrative power and the power of command in Britain and the United States in civil actions from the 20 Century.

但我们可以看到进入20世纪以后，英美国家民事诉讼中法官对诉讼的管理权、指挥权明显增多，而这些职权行使的目的是为了促进诉讼、维护当事人之间的平衡等，其与大陆法系国家行使释明权的目的并无二致，因此，本人认为，虽然英美国家没有"释明权"的称谓，但存在实质意义上的释明权制度。

Circuity of Action is a long-standing problem in patent invalidity declaratory judgmentlitigation in China.

我国专利无效诉讼领域长期存在&循环诉讼&的问题。

American statutes adopt intervention of right and free intervention; impleader, such as obligatory third-party without independent claims in our nation, viewed as third-party indirectly.

各国民事诉讼立法普遍存在第3人参加诉讼的制度，但规定不尽相同。

American statutes adopt intervention of right and free intervention; impleader, such as obligatory third-party without independent claims in our nation, viewed as third-party indirectly.

各国民事诉讼立法普遍存在第三人参加诉讼的制度，但规定不尽相同。

Comparing withHayek's theory on society method, I believe constitution litigationmechanism must considering the following conclusion in modelingconstitutional method: first, the acquiring of constitutional method isusually effects system vicissitudes. Although constitutional arbitramentcan form definite constitutional method, it can't achieve perduringsubstantial results level of method; secondly, constitutional method isformed virtually by the mixture of two kind of potence, and one is socialpotence, the other is governmental potence. The constitutional method'srationality in logic structure rests directly with the wrestling process ofconstitutional logic and social process. Constitutional method is more akind of simulative conformation of natural logic and social logic, itforms by the wrestling of government, public, legislature andconstitution judging organ. Fourthly, the maintenance of constitutionalmethod depends on the inner power sustained by faith and exteriorpower coming from the background of compulsion. Fifthly,constitutional method itself is a dynamic structure, and it's realizingquomodo and vindicating means is being in vicissitude, however, it canonly provide condition and inspiritment.

对照哈耶克的社会秩序理论，笔者认为，宪法诉讼机制在型构宪政秩序时必然要照顾到以下结论：其一，宪政秩序的取得，往往是一个制度自然变迁的结果，宪法裁决虽然也可能在短期内形成一定的宪法秩序，不过却无法强行地达到一个较大范围内持久的秩序实效水准；其二，宪政秩序实际上是由两种力量交合而成的，一是社会力量，一是政府力量，宪政秩序的逻辑结构的合理性直接取决于宪法逻辑和社会逻辑之间的博弈过程；其三，宪政秩序更多的是一种对自然逻辑和社会逻辑的模拟形态，是经由政府、公众、立法机关与宪法裁判机构的合作博弈而形成的，宪法诉讼的功用至多在于提供博弈规则，以实现纳什均衡；其四，宪政秩序的维护主要依靠来自信念支持的内部力量与来自强制背景的外部力量；其五，宪政秩序本身是一个动态的、常新的结构，其实现方式与维护手段也处于不断变迁之中，但无论如何，宪法诉讼机制所能提供的只是制约与激励两种。

Analysis on the norm, origin, dis-cussion, relevant judicial judgment and reforming draft act on Germany plea bargaining practice demonstrates that pleabargaining becomes one of modes to solve criminal cases in Germany. The mode reflects characteristics of German crimi-nal procedure and dilemma facing to German criminal process. In addition, it lessens the differences between two proce-dural models and presents the procedural principle of different legal system but the same way to solve cases worldwidely.

德国辩诉交易实践的形态、产生、争论及相关司法判决和改革草案的分析表明，辩诉交易已经成为德国解决刑事案件的方式之一，这种方式的出现回应了德国刑事诉讼的特点及其面临的困境，同时也缩小了两大诉讼模式的差距，呈现了世界范围内体系差异而解决方式一致的诉讼规律。

Politic and statute play an important nole in adjusting economy,when economic entanglement affects the law,the law seems very important .

政治和法律是调节经济的重要杠杆，当这些经济的纠葛作用在法律上时，法律也就显的格外重要，尤其是在一个争议引起另一个争议的时候，调整民事诉讼的民事诉讼法就有着弥足珍贵的价值，而作为民事诉讼核心地位的第三人诉讼制度也就有着它举足轻重的意义，但是偏偏是这么一个重要的制度，我国的法律却存在着不健全，无论是法律条文还是在司法实践中，这么一个制度都没有发挥它应有的作用，甚至还在某种程度上阻碍了法制的进程，本论文就将在下面全面的剖析该项制度。

Politic and statute play an important nole in adjusting economy,when economic entanglement affects the law,the law seems very important .

政治和法律是调节经济的重要杠杆，当这些经济的纠葛作用在法律上时，法律也就显的格外重要，尤其是在1个争议引起另1个争议的时候，调整民事诉讼的民事诉讼法就有着弥足珍贵的价值，而作为民事诉讼核心地位的第3人诉讼制度也就有着它举足轻重的意义，但是偏偏是这么1个重要的制度，我国的法律却存在着不健全，无论是法律条文还是在司法实践中，这么1个制度都没有发挥它应有的作用，甚至还在某种程度上阻碍了法制的进程，本论文就将在下面全面的剖析该项制度。

In this paper, the first part will state the origin and development course of public interest litigation.

本文第一部分介绍公益诉讼的起源及其发展历程；本文第二部分将介绍行政公益诉讼内涵及特征。

We have no common name for a mime of Sophron or Xenarchus and a Socratic Conversation; and we should still be without one even if the imitation in the two instances were in trimeters or elegiacs or some other kind of verse--though it is the way with people to tack on 'poet' to the name of a metre, and talk of elegiac-poets and epic-poets, thinking that they call them poets not by reason of the imitative nature of their work, but indiscriminately by reason of the metre they write in.

索夫农 、森那库斯和苏格拉底式的对话采用的模仿没有一个公共的名称；三音步诗、挽歌体或其他类型的诗的模仿也没有——人们把&诗人&这一名词和格律名称结合到一起，称之为挽歌体诗人或者史诗诗人，他们被称为诗人，似乎只是因为遵守格律写作，而非他们作品的模仿本质。

The relationship between communicative competence and grammar teaching should be that of the ends and the means.

交际能力和语法的关系应该是目标与途径的关系。