诉讼的

The fourth part regards the Assize of Novel Deseisin as an exemplar, makes brief illumination for development and accomplishment of early royal writs or actions of form.

第四章以新近被夺占有诉讼这一诉讼形式为标本，对于早期王室令状制度以及由此所引发的诉讼形式的发展与完善作了一个简要的说明。

Japan also has a civil action system, which refers to litigations, submitted by any electoral or any party that is not seeking personal interest, that bring to justice the lawbreaking government bodies or local government organizations.

此外，在日本有民众诉讼制度，指要求纠正国家机关或地方公共团体的不符合法规行为的诉讼，并以选举人资格或其他非自益资格而提起的诉讼。

Article 241 A lawsuit brought against a defendant who has no domicile in the People's Republic of China concerning a contract dispute or other disputes over property rights and interests, if the contract is signed or performed within the territory of the People's Republic of China, or the object of the action is within the territory of the People's Republic of China, or the defendant has detainable property within the territory of the People's Republic of China, or the defendant has its representative agency, branch, or business agent within the territory of the People's Republic of China, may be under the jurisdiction of the people's court located in the place where the contract is signed or performed, the subject of the action is located, the defendant's detainable property is located, the infringing act takes place, or the representative agency, branch or business agent is located.

第二百四十一条因合同纠纷或者其他财产权益纠纷，对在中华人民共和国领域内没有住所的被告提起的诉讼，如果合同在中华人民共和国领域内签订或者履行，或者诉讼标的物在中华人民共和国领域内，或者被告在中华人民共和国领域内有可供扣押的财产，或者被告在中华人民共和国领域内设有代表机构，可以由合同签订地、合同履行地、诉讼标的物所在地、可供扣押财产所在地、侵权行为地或者代表机构住所地人民法院管辖。

Article 243 In the case of an action concerning a contract dispute or other disputes over property rights and interests, brought against a defendant who has no domicile within the territory of the People's Republic of China, if the contract is signed or performed within the territory of the People's Republic of China, or if the object of the action is located within the territory of the People's Republic of China, or if the defendant has distrainable property within the territory of the People's Republic of China, or if the defendant has its representative office within the territory of the People's Republic of China, the people's court of the place where the contract is signed or performed, or where the object of the action is, or where the defendant's distrainable property is located, or where the torts are done, or where the defendant's representative office is located, shall have jurisdiction.

第二百四十三条因合同纠纷或者其他财产权益纠纷，对在中华人民共和国领域内没有住所的被告提起的诉讼，如果合同在中华人民共和国领域内签订或者履行，或者诉讼标的物在中华人民共和国领域内，或者被告在中华人民共和国领域内有可供扣押的财产，或者被告在中华人民共和国领域内设有代表机构，可以由合同签订地、合同履行地、诉讼标的物所在地、可供扣押财产所在地、侵权行为地或者代表机构住所地人民法院管辖。

"Article 243 In the case of an action concerning a contract dispute or other disputes over property rights and interests, brought against a defendant who has no domicile within the territory of the Peoples Republic of China, if the contract is signed or performed within the territory of the Peoples Republic of China, or if the object of the action is located within the territory of the Peoples Republic of China, or if the defendant has distrainable property within the territory of the Peoples Republic of China, or if the defendant has its representative office within the territory of the Peoples Republic of China, the peoples court of the place where the contract is signed or performed, or where the object of the action is, or where the defendants distrainable property is located, or where the torts are done, or where the defendants representative office is located, shall have jurisdiction."

第二百四十三条因合同纠纷或者其他财产权益纠纷，对在中华人民共和国领域内没有住所的被告提起的诉讼，如果合同在中华人民共和国领域内签订或者履行，或者诉讼标的物在中华人民共和国领域内，或者被告在中华人民共和国领域内有可供扣押的财产，或者被告在中华人民共和国领域内设有代表机构，可以由合同签订地、合同履行地、诉讼标的物所在地、可供扣押财产所在地、侵权行为地或者代表机构住所地人民法院管辖。

In nature, the concept of judge's elucidatory authority is the supplement to and restrictions on argue-orientedness, compensating for accusation injustice, accusation delay and high cost of accusation caused by complete litigant-orientedness.

本质上，释明权制度是对辩论主义的补充和限制，以弥补彻底的当事人主义带来的诉讼不公、诉讼迟延、以及诉讼成本过高等问题。

The applied scope of the extinctive prescriptions is the scope of the civil legal relations and civil rights in which the extinctive prescriptions can be applied.

一、问题的由来诉讼时效制度的适用范围，传统民法理论上一般又称诉讼时效的客体或称对象，是指诉讼时效制度适用于哪些民事法律关系或民事权利。

In the forth part, it gives the brief introduce about the related rules of litigation relief system in the WTO and the European Economic Community. Subsequently it inspects the government procurement contract relief system of the partial countries with Anglo-America legal system and the continent legal system, and carries on the summary of its common character, then points the spot, which we can use for reference when it improves our countrys government procurement contract lawsuit relief system.

第四部分中对世贸组织政府采购协定及欧共体救济指令中诉讼救济制度的相关规定进行了简单介绍，继而考察了英美法系及大陆法系的部分国家及地区的政府采购合同诉讼救济制度，对其共性进行小结，指出我国完善政府采购合同诉讼救济制度时可资借鉴之处。

If the third party without an independent claim considers that the handling result of the case has a stake in itself in law, it can apply for participating in the proceedings, or it can participate in the proceedings as informed by the court, and it still enjoys the same litigation rights and obligations

没有独立请求权的第三人如果认为本案件处理结果与自己有法律上利害关系的，可以申请参加诉讼，或由法院通知他参加诉讼，其仍享有同样的诉讼权利义务

As an old legal rule, self-admission has special significance in the two great legal systems, and has been great used in civil proceeding suit.

自认作为一项古老的诉讼规则，在两大法系国家的诉讼法律制度具有特殊意义，并在民事诉讼中用得到相应适用。

We have no common name for a mime of Sophron or Xenarchus and a Socratic Conversation; and we should still be without one even if the imitation in the two instances were in trimeters or elegiacs or some other kind of verse--though it is the way with people to tack on 'poet' to the name of a metre, and talk of elegiac-poets and epic-poets, thinking that they call them poets not by reason of the imitative nature of their work, but indiscriminately by reason of the metre they write in.

索夫农 、森那库斯和苏格拉底式的对话采用的模仿没有一个公共的名称；三音步诗、挽歌体或其他类型的诗的模仿也没有——人们把&诗人&这一名词和格律名称结合到一起，称之为挽歌体诗人或者史诗诗人，他们被称为诗人，似乎只是因为遵守格律写作，而非他们作品的模仿本质。

The relationship between communicative competence and grammar teaching should be that of the ends and the means.

交际能力和语法的关系应该是目标与途径的关系。