诉讼的

The paper analyzes various views and reasons that if limitation is applicable to the claim of identification of invalid contract,and argues that the affirmance of contract invalidation should be restricted by limitation.The limitation should be started from the point of expiration date of the fulfillment of obligations and the limita...

通过对无效合同的确认是否适用诉讼时效的各种观点及理由的评析，认为无效合同的确认应受诉讼时效限制，无效合同确认的诉讼时效以合同义务履行期限届满之日起二年为准，无效合同所产生的请求权的诉讼时效分别从合同义务履行期限届满之日起二年内和合同被确认无效之日起二年内。

On the basis of the discussion on the theories of judge interpretation in the previous part, I will further disclose the relationship between the judge interpretation and legal proceedings. I will differentiate it from the responsible notification system under the judge-dominant proceedings and clearly point out that the institutional prerequisite for China to build the judge interpretation system lies in the complete transformation to the litigants-dominant proceedings, that is, the construction of dialecticism and the principle of discretion.

第三部分释明制度和我国的民事诉讼在前文对释明制度法理依据讨论的基础上，进一步揭示释明制度与诉讼体制的关系，并与法官职权主导诉讼体制下的职权告知制度相区分，明确指出我国构建释明制度的体制前提在于当事人主导诉讼体制转型的完成，即辩论主义和处分权主义的构建。

The evolutionary history of the criminal proceedings is the developmental history of the system of criminal defense. From the accusatory model to inquisitional model and adversary proceedings, the system of criminal defense emerged and is developing rapidly.

从历史上看，从奴隶社会的弹劾式诉讼模式到封建制社会的纠问式诉讼模式，再到近现代社会的控辩式诉讼模式，刑事辩护制度的发展经历了从有到无、又从无到有，并不断扩大、加强的曲折历程，由此推动着刑事诉讼制度的不断进化和臻于完善。

The third part, the author not only explained the relationships in reconciliation, mediation and trail, but also described the differences that the degree of judger involvement in lawsuit procedure as well as application in law, by inspecting dynamically in reconciliation, and then specifically analyzing the differences among them. The author pointed out reconciliation is not an accessory of trail procedure, but is a system independent from the trail and mediation.

第三部分从动态上对诉讼和解进行考察，既阐述了诉讼和解与调解及审判之间的联系，又从诉讼过程中法官介入的程度以及三者适用法律规范的不同，具体分析了它们之间的差异，指出诉讼和解不是审判程序的一个附属品，而是独立于审判及法院调解的一项制度。

Second, the paper explains the problems of the system of lawsuit time limit in judicial practice, specifying that the system of lawsuit time limit cannot get the attention it should be paid in judicial practice, the regulations of extending lawsuit time limit cannot be carried out severely, there are no powerful monitoring and penalties of violation of lawsuit time limit, the blank of lawsuit time limit bring about the delay of cases, and that the principle of presumption of innocence in the criminal law cannot be carried out thoroughly.

第三，文章对诉讼时限制度在理论研究上存在的缺陷进行了讨论，指出了对这一重要制度无人研究的问题，并对立法上对这一重要制度没能引起重视的问题进行了讨论，指出：诉讼时限制度不仅是一个立法技术问题，而且是一个实体问题。第四，文章从社会环境的角度对现行法律关于诉讼时限的规定执行得不好的原因进行了分析，指出社会大环境对诉讼时限的贯彻执行有重要的制约作用。

O ne refers to that the judgment or resolution made on the litigants is just, whil e the other means that the prosecution process is just to the part ie s concerned, or that the participants of prosecution are fairly treated in the prosecution p rocess. This paper e XP lores the approaches to social stability via judicial just ice.

司法公正本身具有两个方面的含义，具体地说一是指司法机关对诉讼当事人作出的裁决或处理结果是公正的，二是指诉讼活动的过程对有关人员来说是公正的，或者说诉讼参与人在诉讼过程所受到的对待是公正的。

Romano-canonical civil procedure occupies an important position in the history of civil procedure development and is known as "mother of European civil procedure".

罗马－教会法民事诉讼程序在诉讼程序法中被称为&欧陆诉讼程序之母&，具有重要的历史地位。

The Civil Public Prosecution defined as civil litigation system that Prosecutor Institution as representative benefit of the State and social public interests in pursuance of lawful extent and procedure of proceeding to procedure civil illegal acts that damage public interests and ask Court to judge it.

民事公诉是指检察机关作为国家利益和社会公共利益的诉讼代表人，对损害公共利益的民事违法行为，依照法律规定的诉讼范围和诉讼程序提起公诉，请求法院对该违法行为依法制裁的民事诉讼制度。

The third part introduces the history of development of our securities civil lawsuit system. Then, taking misrepresentation as an example, this thesis analyses the actualities of our securities civil lawsuit system, which includes compensate methods, statute of limitation, jurisdiction, causal relationship, lawsuit methods and so on.

文章的第三部分，在介绍了我国证券民事诉讼制度的发展历程后，以虚假陈述为例，分析了我国证券民事诉讼制度的现状，包括赔偿方法、诉讼时效、管辖、因果关系以及诉讼方式等方面的内容。

The legislative purpose of the system of civil suit collateral to criminal proceedings is to lessen the pending suits,to increase litigation efficiency,to safeguard criminal cases being correctly handled,to uphold the unity and seriousness of judicial judgment,to safeguard the property interests of state and collectives,and the legal rights and interests of victims However,with the continuous progress of the construction of legality,and the increasing perfection of civil substantives and procedural laves.the practice value of the civil suit collateral to crimihal proceedings has been challenged At the same time.the defects in the design of legislative norms and institutions d China make the collateral civil proceedings lack of independence,the remedy scope too narrow,which result in insufficient protection on the rights and interests of victims.

刑事附带民事诉讼制度的立法目的在于减轻诉累，提高诉讼效率，保证正确处理刑事案件、维护司法判决的统一性和严肃性、维护国家、集体财产利益以及被害人的合法权益。但随着法制建设的不断进步，民事实体和程序法律的不断完善，刑事附带民事诉讼制度的实践价值受到质疑。同时由于我国在立法规范和制度设计上的缺陷，导致附带民事诉讼缺乏独立性救济范围过于狭窄，从而造成了对被害人的利益保护不足。

We have no common name for a mime of Sophron or Xenarchus and a Socratic Conversation; and we should still be without one even if the imitation in the two instances were in trimeters or elegiacs or some other kind of verse--though it is the way with people to tack on 'poet' to the name of a metre, and talk of elegiac-poets and epic-poets, thinking that they call them poets not by reason of the imitative nature of their work, but indiscriminately by reason of the metre they write in.

索夫农 、森那库斯和苏格拉底式的对话采用的模仿没有一个公共的名称；三音步诗、挽歌体或其他类型的诗的模仿也没有——人们把&诗人&这一名词和格律名称结合到一起，称之为挽歌体诗人或者史诗诗人，他们被称为诗人，似乎只是因为遵守格律写作，而非他们作品的模仿本质。

The relationship between communicative competence and grammar teaching should be that of the ends and the means.

交际能力和语法的关系应该是目标与途径的关系。