诉讼时效

The paper analyzes various views and reasons that if limitation is applicable to the claim of identification of invalid contract,and argues that the affirmance of contract invalidation should be restricted by limitation.The limitation should be started from the point of expiration date of the fulfillment of obligations and the limita...

通过对无效合同的确认是否适用诉讼时效的各种观点及理由的评析，认为无效合同的确认应受诉讼时效限制，无效合同确认的诉讼时效以合同义务履行期限届满之日起二年为准，无效合同所产生的请求权的诉讼时效分别从合同义务履行期限届满之日起二年内和合同被确认无效之日起二年内。

In case an obligee claims for rights to an assurer to debts , the agent of the obligor , or the custodian of property , the statute of limitations may be determined as being interrupted .

173。诉讼时效因权利人主张权利或者义务人同意履行义务而中断后，权利人在新的诉讼时效期间内，再次主张权利或者义务人再次同意履行义务的，可以认定为诉讼时效再次中断。

First, on the hand of litigation, the world is moving towards a more normative solution in the jurisdiction, adjudication and execution of lawsuits concerning shareholders rights. China should bring in litigations concerning right to address inquiries as a remedy to the imperfection of law. The scope and object of adjudication of court should be determined by the nature of case. Ways to perfect specific provisions in the area of jurisdiction, time limit, preservation measures as well as execution are also proposed in the paper. Second, on the hand of non-litigation, scrutinizer as a means of non-litigation is neutral and order of investigation is convenient. Non-litigation should be brought into Chinese company law as a supplement of litigation.

第一，各国及各地区立法在股东知情权诉讼的管辖、审理及执行等方面的规范更加完善，重点结合我国司法实践中股东知情权诉讼的争议，认为应当建立质询权诉讼机制弥补法律的缺失，依据知情权诉讼的本质确定法院的受理范围及审理对象，探讨通过完善股东知情权理论基础确定诉讼的被告，同时对诉讼中具体规范如管辖、诉讼时效、保全措施及执行等方面的完善提出建议；第二，检查人选任制度作为非诉讼救济方式具有中立、全面的特点，调查令方式具有方便的优势，从而建议我国公司法可引入非诉讼救济方式作为诉讼救济方式的补充。

The applied scope of the extinctive prescriptions is the scope of the civil legal relations and civil rights in which the extinctive prescriptions can be applied.

一、问题的由来诉讼时效制度的适用范围，传统民法理论上一般又称诉讼时效的客体或称对象，是指诉讼时效制度适用于哪些民事法律关系或民事权利。

The state properties are limited by the extinctive prescriptions. The prescription of arbitration belongs to the extinctive prescriptions.

因此，解决诉讼时效制度的适用范围，是正确适用诉讼时效制度，维护权利人的正当权益，稳定社会经济秩序的重要保证。

Some scholars,who think guaranty period is a schedule period,fail to insist that schedule period applies only to right of formation while others,who believe guaranty period is an independent period can not understand similarities between guaranty period and extinctive prescription and fail to the prescription.

主张保证期间是除斥期间的学者没有坚持除斥期间只能适用于形成权这一基本理论。主张保证期间为独立期间的学者没有看到保证期间与诉讼时效的共同之处，没有正确理解诉讼时效。

The applied scope of the extinctive prescriptions can be classfied into three kinds:"the extinction of obligatory properties";"the extinction of obligatory rights and other non-ownership properties" and "the extinction of rights of claim".

诉讼时效制度的适用范围应扩大到人身权、请求权、物权请求权等几乎所有的民事法律关系；不仅国家财产应属诉讼时效制度的限制，仲裁时效亦应属于诉讼时效的范畴。

The applied scope of the extinctive prescriptions can be classfied into three kinds:"the extinction of obligatory properties";"the extinction of obligatory rights and other non-ownership properties" and "the extinction of rights of claim".

诉讼时效制度具有广泛的适用性，许多的民事法律关系都可以适用诉讼时效制度；但法律出于对某些民事法律关系予以特殊保护的重要性，以及某些民事法律关系自身所具有的特殊性而不能或不应适用诉讼时效制度。

Secondly, the jurisprudence basis of shareholder action right, which included in SDA, is researched from the perspective of substantial and procedural law. Upon the basis of comparison on corporate law of different countries, the third party does the research on the subject of SDA, the precondition of SDA, the jurisdiction of SDA, the determination of filing fee, the security for litigation fee provided by defendant, the judiciary inspection of SDA, plaintiff's right of claim and liability of compensation under the circumstances of case wining or losing, the res judicate of judgment, compensation of SDA, period of litigation and whatsoever.

在对各国公司法进行了比较研究的基础上，研究了股东派生诉讼的诉讼主体、股东提起派生诉讼的前提条件、股东派生诉讼的管辖权、案件受理费的确定及被告诉讼费用的担保、股东派生诉讼的司法审查、原告股东胜诉时的请求权及败诉时应承担的赔偿责任、股东派生诉讼判决的既判力、股东派生诉讼的赔偿及其诉讼时效期间等问题。

Secondly, the jurisprudence basis of shareholder action right, which included in SDA, is researched from the perspective of substantial and procedural law. Upon the basis of comparison on corporate law of different countries, the third party does the research on the subject of SDA, the precondition of SDA, the jurisdiction of SDA, the determination of filing fee, the security for litigation fee provided by defendant, the judiciary inspection of SDA, plaintiffs right of claim and liability of compensation under the circumstances of case wining or losing, the res judicate of judgment, compensation of SDA, period of litigation and whatsoever.

在对各国公司法进行了比较研究的基础上，研究了股东派生诉讼的诉讼主体、股东提起派生诉讼的前提条件、股东派生诉讼的管辖权、案件受理费的确定及被告诉讼费用的担保、股东派生诉讼的司法审查、原告股东胜诉时的请求权及败诉时应承担的赔偿责任、股东派生诉讼判决的既判力、股东派生诉讼的赔偿及其诉讼时效期间等问题。

On the other hand, the more important thing is because the urban housing is a kind of heterogeneity products.

另一方面，更重要的是由于城市住房是一种异质性产品。

Climate histogram is the fall that collects place measure calm value, cent serves as cross axle for a few equal interval, the area that the frequency that the value appears according to place is accumulated and becomes will be determined inside each interval, discharge the graph that rise with post, also be called histogram.

气候直方图是将所收集的降水量测定值，分为几个相等的区间作为横轴，并将各区间内所测定值依所出现的次数累积而成的面积，用柱子排起来的图形，也叫做柱状图。