诉讼方式

The preliminary joinder of actions is a kind of joinder with special structural elements,and in history it's legitimacy was once in question.

诉之预备合并是有顺位的诉讼合并方式，其构成有特殊的要件。预备合并又分为客观的诉之预备合并和主观的诉之预备合并。在大陆法系诉讼法发展的历史上，预备合并之诉的合法性经过了长期的争论与摇摆。

No matter what the same crimes or not , the principles of joinder of punishments for plural crimes committed by one person should be applied and restricted by the principle of lenitive aggravation .

确定罪数的处罚原则应遵循罪刑均衡原则，坚持一罪一罚，数罪数罚，但对数额犯等个别罪数类型，出于诉讼效益考虑，可以采用累计处理方式。

In criminal lawsuit, power exists as a mean.

在诉讼中权力是作为手段存在的，不同的目的，决定了权力的运作方式不同。

With the development of the society, a judicial proceeding has become a common way to resolve dispute.

随着社会的发展，司法诉讼程序已经成为解决纠纷常用的方式。

At the same time, the prosecution procedure is one of the solutions for various rights to be proteced.

而诉讼程序则是各种权利寻求保护的一种有效方式。

Indeed, in Savigny's cosmopolitan and universalist milieu, there are no room for forum protectionism; private international law should not be concerned with promoting the forum's interests as such but should instead aspire to ensure that each multi-state dispute is resolved in the same way regardless of where it is litigated.

事实上，在萨维尼的世界主义和普遍主义的理论中，法院的保护主义没有空间；国际私法不应关注于促进法院的利益，而应是热望确保每一个多国争端不论其诉讼地在何处，都能以相同的方式解决。

KNOW ALL MEN BY THESE PRESENTS that we, Wu Zhang and Yi Ying ,being the principal directors and shareholders of 632375 NB Inc.,owner of The real property known as civic no.155 Smythe Street, Fredericton, NB, in consideration of the early termination of the Bullding Management Agreement by the manager, RMB Ventures Inc., at the request of the owner, do hereby respectlvely remise, release and Forever discharge the said manager corporation, its successors and assigns of and from all manner of actions, causes of action, suits, debts, dues, accounts, bonds, covenants, contracts, claims and demands whatsoever which against the said manager we or each of us respectively ever had, now have, or which our respective heirs, executors, administrators or assigns, or any of them, hereafter can, shall or may have for or by Reason of any cause, matter or thing whatsoever existing up to the present time.

知道所有男人从这些礼物是我们吴张，易一嗯作为主要的董事和632375注：公司，作为公民155斯迈思街，弗雷德里克顿毒品调查科在考虑已知的不动产所有者股东的早期建筑给管理协议的终止经理，人民币创投公司在业主的要求，特此respectlvely出让，释放和永远解除公司经理说，其继承人和受让人的，从所有的行动方式，原因行动，诉讼，债务，会费，账户，债券，公约，合同，索赔和要求，任何违背经理说我们或我们每个分别有过现在有，或为我们各自的继承人

Establishing the perfect system of witness testification in court is beneficial to promote the execution of litigation mode of accusation and defense, to push the reformation of court judgment.

建立完善的证人出庭作证制度，有助于控辩式诉讼模式的实行和推动庭审方式的改革。

At the end of the thesis,practically and realisticallysummarizing the studies concerning this topic,the author believes to put forward thenew viewpoints in following aspects,i.e.the"theory of three-phase"for thedevelopment of victimology;the trends of the worldwide development of the redress ofthe victims'rights;the new method to protect the victims,which balances theprotection between the victims and inflictors to resume the victims'rights by setting upthe protective measures such as the national relief and social supporting system for thevictims,which rarely connects with their rights and interests directly;the necessity ofthe redress of the victims'rights in 6 aspects;the deficiencies on the issue of theredress of the victims'rights in the aspects of academic research and legislation;theelementary reflects on the constitutional foundation for the protection of the victims;the two-side analysis on the regulations for the protection of victims in new penal law;the suggestion to establish the system for investigation,statistics and proclamation ofvictimization;the design to consummate the rights and redress of the victims inappealing procedures;the assumption to establish the social supporting system of thevictims in China,and soon.

在论文的最后，实事求是地总结了自己关于本课题的研究，认为在以下若干方面提出了个人的新见解。提出了我国被害人学发展的"三阶段说"；提出了世界范围内犯罪被害人权利救济的发展趋势；提出了通过建立对犯罪被害人的国家补偿制度和社会支援体系这样的与加害人权益不大发生直接联系的犯罪被害人保护措施，来实现犯罪被害人的被害恢复，以求得加害人与被害人权利保护平衡的犯罪被害人权利保护方式的新思路；从六个方面提出了我国犯罪被害人权利救济的必要性；从理论研究和立法两个方面指出了我国在犯罪被害人权利救济问题上的欠缺点，其中对我国犯罪被害人的理论研究作了反思，对犯罪被害人保护的宪法依据作了初步的探讨，对新刑事诉讼法关于犯罪被害人的保护的规定作了一分为二的分析；提出了建立我国的犯罪被害调查、统计和公告制度的建议；提出了为了防止被害人的第二次被害，而完善犯罪被害人在诉讼程序中的权利与救济的方案；提出了构建我国犯罪被害人社会支援体系的设想。等等。

To guarantee the defending lawyer"s access to the prosecutor"s evidence, many other countries that have transferred from inquisitorial model to accusatorial model have set up this regulation, even in the traditionally civil law system countries such as Italy and Japan etc.

英美建立的这一制度影响是巨大而深远的，那些在诉讼结构上从传统的纠问式转为对抗式的国家，在摒弃卷宗移送式的起诉方式的同时，都建立了证据开示制度，以保障被告人不因控辩双方对抗性的增强而无法获得并利用检察官证据材料的机会。

I didn't watch TV last night, because it .

昨晚我没有看电视，因为电视机坏了。

Since this year, in a lot of villages of Beijing, TV of elevator liquid crystal was removed.

今年以来，在北京的很多小区里，电梯液晶电视被撤了下来。