诉讼方式

This allocation of risks is based on all parties wiliness and shall be legally respected.

当事各方对所提供的担保的独立性的规定是当事各方对付款时及付款后所存在的风险所做的一种分配，即付款时基础义务已得到履行或基础义务已灭失以及付款后信用证申请人需以诉讼方式追回款项。

This chapter mainly analyzes and appraises the regulation of domination, suit way, preceding procedure, accuser and appellee inthe effective procedural mechanism of civil liabilities of misrepresentation in securities market.

本章针对现有证券市场虚假陈述民事赔偿诉讼机制中的管辖、诉讼方式、前置程序、原告和被告的确定等进行了剖析和评价。

The judicial authenticator testifying at court is the inevitable request of reformation of action form.

黑龙江省法学研究所，黑龙江哈尔滨 150090）司法鉴定人出庭作证是诉讼方式改革的必然要求。

Chapter 6 put forward some suggestion to improve the litigating system of misstatement in Issue market, including adopting the actual loss standard define accuser, introducing into group litigation and shareholder derived litigation to perfect litigation mode, adopting assumption trust relation make liability parts quote. This chapter also discussed the demurrer reasons of principal parts involved in misstatement.

第六章旨在对完善我国证券发行市场虚假陈述的民事诉讼机制提出一些建议，主要包括采用实际损失者标准认定诉求主体、引进集团诉讼制度和股东代表诉讼制度来完善诉讼方式、采取信赖推定原则的因果关系认定方法使虚假陈述责任人负责举证，同时丰富和细化了各虚假陈述责任主体的抗辩理由。

First, on the hand of litigation, the world is moving towards a more normative solution in the jurisdiction, adjudication and execution of lawsuits concerning shareholders rights. China should bring in litigations concerning right to address inquiries as a remedy to the imperfection of law. The scope and object of adjudication of court should be determined by the nature of case. Ways to perfect specific provisions in the area of jurisdiction, time limit, preservation measures as well as execution are also proposed in the paper. Second, on the hand of non-litigation, scrutinizer as a means of non-litigation is neutral and order of investigation is convenient. Non-litigation should be brought into Chinese company law as a supplement of litigation.

第一，各国及各地区立法在股东知情权诉讼的管辖、审理及执行等方面的规范更加完善，重点结合我国司法实践中股东知情权诉讼的争议，认为应当建立质询权诉讼机制弥补法律的缺失，依据知情权诉讼的本质确定法院的受理范围及审理对象，探讨通过完善股东知情权理论基础确定诉讼的被告，同时对诉讼中具体规范如管辖、诉讼时效、保全措施及执行等方面的完善提出建议；第二，检查人选任制度作为非诉讼救济方式具有中立、全面的特点，调查令方式具有方便的优势，从而建议我国公司法可引入非诉讼救济方式作为诉讼救济方式的补充。

On the non-essential joint and several liability,the case of indicting many debtors at the same time should introduce common-joinder.

不真正连带债务中，债权人一并起诉数个债权人的情形应当适用普通共同诉讼方式进行合并审理。

Not only the substantial part, or judicial decisions, of the law, but also the formal part, or method of proceeding, cannot be altered but by parliament: for if once those outworks were demolished, there would be an inlet to all manner of innovation in the body of the law itself.

不仅法律的主体部分或曰裁决，而且它的前序部分或曰诉讼方式，除依国会不得变更：因为一旦这些外围部分被破坏，法律本身将开启革新的通道。

Human rights subject is limited in classical theories and evolving of the notion of hu—man rights subject ramifies the establishment of theory of universal subject,Legal person,as the fictional branch law subject which obtains the indemnification of human rights under constitution,expands the characteristic of human rights subject from life to personality,and theinternationalization of human rights makes collective versus individual the human rights subject under international law.

在古典人权理论中人权主体是有限的。现代人权理论中，人权的普遍性首先指主体的普遍性。法人所以成为人权主体，一则因之其权利为宪法意义上的权利；二则因之其保障方式为宪法诉讼方式。人权的国际化使集体成为特别的人权主体。

Analysis on the norm, origin, dis-cussion, relevant judicial judgment and reforming draft act on Germany plea bargaining practice demonstrates that pleabargaining becomes one of modes to solve criminal cases in Germany. The mode reflects characteristics of German crimi-nal procedure and dilemma facing to German criminal process. In addition, it lessens the differences between two proce-dural models and presents the procedural principle of different legal system but the same way to solve cases worldwidely.

德国辩诉交易实践的形态、产生、争论及相关司法判决和改革草案的分析表明，辩诉交易已经成为德国解决刑事案件的方式之一，这种方式的出现回应了德国刑事诉讼的特点及其面临的困境，同时也缩小了两大诉讼模式的差距，呈现了世界范围内体系差异而解决方式一致的诉讼规律。

The third part introduces the history of development of our securities civil lawsuit system. Then, taking misrepresentation as an example, this thesis analyses the actualities of our securities civil lawsuit system, which includes compensate methods, statute of limitation, jurisdiction, causal relationship, lawsuit methods and so on.

文章的第三部分，在介绍了我国证券民事诉讼制度的发展历程后，以虚假陈述为例，分析了我国证券民事诉讼制度的现状，包括赔偿方法、诉讼时效、管辖、因果关系以及诉讼方式等方面的内容。

On the other hand, the more important thing is because the urban housing is a kind of heterogeneity products.

另一方面，更重要的是由于城市住房是一种异质性产品。

Climate histogram is the fall that collects place measure calm value, cent serves as cross axle for a few equal interval, the area that the frequency that the value appears according to place is accumulated and becomes will be determined inside each interval, discharge the graph that rise with post, also be called histogram.

气候直方图是将所收集的降水量测定值，分为几个相等的区间作为横轴，并将各区间内所测定值依所出现的次数累积而成的面积，用柱子排起来的图形，也叫做柱状图。