诉讼当事人

The democratic meritof constitution litigation belongs to the philosophy of constitutionlitigation. It aims at expatiating the necessary and significance ofconstitution litigation, and provides merit directing for the proceduredesign of legislators, the adjudgment acts of constitutional gownsmanand party's lawsuit act.

宪法诉讼的民主价值属于宪法诉讼哲学的一部分，它旨在揭示宪法诉讼机制存在的必要性及其意义，为立法者进行程序设计、宪法裁判者从事审判行为，以及当事人进行诉讼活动提供价值指引。

On the basis of the discussion on the theories of judge interpretation in the previous part, I will further disclose the relationship between the judge interpretation and legal proceedings. I will differentiate it from the responsible notification system under the judge-dominant proceedings and clearly point out that the institutional prerequisite for China to build the judge interpretation system lies in the complete transformation to the litigants-dominant proceedings, that is, the construction of dialecticism and the principle of discretion.

第三部分释明制度和我国的民事诉讼在前文对释明制度法理依据讨论的基础上，进一步揭示释明制度与诉讼体制的关系，并与法官职权主导诉讼体制下的职权告知制度相区分，明确指出我国构建释明制度的体制前提在于当事人主导诉讼体制转型的完成，即辩论主义和处分权主义的构建。

China is now experiencing the transformation of the civil procedure, with the basic tendency from ex officio pattern to adversary system.

我国民事诉讼制度正经历一场具有诉讼体制变革意义的司法改革运动，基本趋势就是由原来的职权主义诉讼模式向当事人主义转变。

H Inadmissibility as evidence of proceedings before the district court and the competitive impact statement.

根据本节在区法院进行的诉讼和根据本节提出的竞争性影响说明，不能用来反对由任何其他当事人依据反托拉斯法提起的诉讼中、或由美国根据第四条A提起的诉讼中的原告，也不能用作反对该被告的初步证据，形成一致判决产生的基础。

Due to the requirement of speediness and the complexity of intellectual property litigation, the judicial resources should be concentrated on the issues over which the parties are disputing, and thus the court could be able to make a judgment directly, as a matter of law, where no genuine issue of material fact is present.

由於涉及智慧财产权之诉讼兼具复杂性与时效性，故应尽量将诉讼资源集中於诉讼双方当事人有争议的部分，法院可迳就实体无争议之案件为法律上之裁判。

People look on the question differently in nineteenth and twentieth century. FromField Code in 1848 to Federal Rules of Civil Procedure in 1938 different systemsabout joinder of parties are established in legislature and judicial practice, but thediscussion continues behind it, and how to join parties is still a problem which has notassured answers.

在当事人合并制度方面，19世纪和20世纪对这一问题的认识是不同的，从1848年的Field法典到1938年的联邦民事诉讼规则，立法和实务虽然确立了不同的当事人合并制度，但其背后却在延续着争议，如何合并当事人仍是一道没有确定答案的难题。

Gradually along with the litigation mode of Adversarial system seeps into criminal law area of our country, under the change of the relationship between the accusant and the defender, and the weakening color of the litigation mode of strong Inquisitorial system, and judge's position is more negative and overcome, gradually, the litigation conduct power theories starts to be mentioned and is valued by scholars learn criminal law.

随着当事人主义的诉讼模式逐渐渗入到我国刑事诉讼领域，在控审关系发生变革、强职权主义色彩削弱、法官地位更加消极和克制的情况下，诉讼指挥权理论逐步开始被我国刑事诉讼法学的学者提及并受到重视。

Gradually along with the litigation mode of Adversarial system seeps into criminal law area of our country, under the change of the relationship between the accusant and the defender, and the weakening color of the litigation mode of strong Inquisitorial system, and judge's position is more negative and overcome, gradually, the litigation conduct power theories starts to be mentioned and is valued by scholars learn criminal law.

随著当事人主义的诉讼模式逐渐渗入到我国刑事诉讼领域，在控审关系发生变革、强职权主义色彩削弱、法官地位更加消极和克制的情况下，诉讼指挥权理论逐步开始被我国刑事诉讼法学的学者提及并受到重视。

The civil litigation for public interests could implement the judicialfoundation of settlement of disputes, maintain the order of private law and public lawin the way of protecting the right of the parties by favorable procedure, prescribingthe system of civil litigation for public interest in legislation and endowing the right oflitigation to the parties.

本文以充分保障当事人在民事公益诉讼中的诉讼权利为理念，充分发挥各类主体在公益诉讼中的积极作用，使得民事公益诉讼这一公共利益法律救济手段能够在我国得以发展。

And then according to the application of the plaintiff, the court of suit thinks that another court in

而受诉法院根据当事人的申请，综合考虑由其受理该案件或者在其他国家进行诉讼对当事人更为方便和公正，于是运用自由裁量权，决定拒绝当事人的申请或者放弃行使管辖权的一种制度。

We have no common name for a mime of Sophron or Xenarchus and a Socratic Conversation; and we should still be without one even if the imitation in the two instances were in trimeters or elegiacs or some other kind of verse--though it is the way with people to tack on 'poet' to the name of a metre, and talk of elegiac-poets and epic-poets, thinking that they call them poets not by reason of the imitative nature of their work, but indiscriminately by reason of the metre they write in.

索夫农 、森那库斯和苏格拉底式的对话采用的模仿没有一个公共的名称；三音步诗、挽歌体或其他类型的诗的模仿也没有——人们把&诗人&这一名词和格律名称结合到一起，称之为挽歌体诗人或者史诗诗人，他们被称为诗人，似乎只是因为遵守格律写作，而非他们作品的模仿本质。

The relationship between communicative competence and grammar teaching should be that of the ends and the means.

交际能力和语法的关系应该是目标与途径的关系。