诉讼

To apply for, promote and obtain any provisional order, Act Parliament or charter for enabling the Company to carry any of its objects into effect or for effecting any modification of the Company's constitution or for any other purpose which may seem expedient and to oppose any proceedings applications which may seem calculated directly or indirectly to prejudice the Company's interests.

10申请、设法通过和得到省命令、议会法令或特许，以使本公司顺利实施其宗旨，或进行公司章程修正和达到任何被视为适当的目的，并防止任何可能会直接或间接损害公司利益的诉讼或请求

To apply for,promote and obtain any provisional order,Act of Parliament or charter for enabling the Company to carry any of its objects into effect or for effecting any modification of the Company's constitution or for any other purpose which may seem expedient and to oppose any proceedings or applications which may seem calculated directly or indirectly to prejudice the Company's interests.

申请、设法通过和得到省命令、议会法令或特许，以使本公司顺利实施其宗旨，或进行公司章程修正和达到任何被视为适当的目的，并防止任何可能会直接或间接损害公司利益的诉讼或请求

Some cases which concern both civil laws and criminal laws are wrongly disposed by means of civil mediation in pursuit of high rate of ending case nowadays. Such problematic civil mediation papers will inevitably become the obstacles of the probably following criminal procedures.

内容提要：在追求民事案件高调解率结案的现实背景下，有部分"刑民交叉"案件被不当归类为民事案件调解结案，而该等民事调解书又往往成为后来刑事诉讼过程中一个难以回避的问题。

Then with statistical analysis of the range of self-incriminating cases, the results of the first instance, the judicial organization of the first instance, the surrogate and advocacy of the first instance and of the second instance, I found, in practice, the self-incriminating cases have the following characteristics: The range of self-incriminating cases is small which mainly focus on 10 imputations; no public prosecution into private prosecution; the verdicts still lie a very important position, among which are lots of guilty verdicts; intermediation is the main way in ending a case, however, the intermediation system is not normative in practice; the cases of defendants escape is increasing, as a result, the suspension of private prosecution is also increasing; the court more depend on collegial bench, and less summary procedure; the party make less use of the system of surrogate and advocacy; the methods of processing mode are flexible in the second instance, etc.

在这样的基础上，通过对自诉案件范围、一审处理结果、一审审判组织情况、一审代理辩护情况、二审审理情况的统计分析，发现实践中自诉程序有如下特点：自诉案集中在10个罪名，自诉案件的范围很小；没有公诉转自诉案件；判决在自诉案件的审理中仍然占有重要地位，其中有罪判决占大多数；调解是自诉案件结案的主要方式，但是各地调解制度在运行中都不规范也不统一；被告人逃跑的案例在某些地方有增多的趋势，中止审理的自诉案随之增加；多种因素导致法院更多的以合议庭来审理自诉案件，而较少独任审判和适用简易程序；自诉案件当事人对诉讼代理和辩护制度的利用率不高；二审自诉案件的处理方式灵活等等。

Legal syllogism is the basic model which is used by the accuser, the defender and the trier in criminal trial. What is its logical foundation? There are mainly three kinds of viewpoints up to now. According to traditional theory, it is categorical syllogism and deductivists think it is whole deductive logic, while anti-deductivists deny that logic plays an important role in a trial.

法律三段论是刑事诉讼中控、辩、审三方所采用的最基本的法律论证模式，其背后的逻辑基础是什么，目前主要有三种观点：根据传统观点，法律三段论的逻辑基础是直言三段论；演绎逻辑基础论者主张演绎逻辑是法律三段论的逻辑基础；反演绎逻辑基础论者基本上否定了逻辑在法律审判中的作用。

Legal syllogism is the basic model which is used by the accuser,the defender and the judge in criminal trial.What is its logical foundation? There are mainly three kinds of viewpoints up to now.According to traditional theory,it is categorical syllogism,and deductivists think it is whole deductive logic,while anti-deductivists deny that logic plays an important role in a trial.

法律三段论是刑事诉讼中控、辩、审三方所采用的最基本的法律论证模式，其背后的逻辑基础是什么，目前主要有三种观点：根据传统观点，法律三段论的逻辑基础是直言三段论；演绎逻辑基础论者主张演绎逻辑是法律三段论的逻辑基础；反演绎逻辑基础论者基本上否定了逻辑在法律审判中的作用。

Also to be considered is whether or not the evidence is material — that is, tends to a central force or issue in the underlying litigation — and is so pre-judicial it ruins its power of proof.

还应该考虑的是证据是否是实质性的—也就是，在一个基本诉讼中是否是一个关键的因素或问题—以及证据是否是有偏见的，它会损害证据的证明力。

In most cases, the losing party must petition the Court through a writ of certiorari to hear the case.

在多数案件中，败诉方必须通过诉讼文件移送命令请求法庭审理案件。

Appeals to the Supreme Court To bring a case before the Supreme Court, a party requests the Court to issue a writ of certiorari.

上诉到联邦最高法院：在案件被送至最高法院以前，当事一方要求法院出具一份由上级法院发出的诉讼文件移送命令书。

Writ of certiorari - An order issued by the Supreme Court directing the lower court to transmit records for a case for which it will hear on appeal.

诉讼文件移送命令：在上诉中，由最高法院发布的指引下等法院移送其将要审理的案件档案的令。呵呵，欢迎继续。

Lugalbanda was a god and shepherd king of Uruk where he was worshipped for over a thousand years.

Lugalbanda 是神和被崇拜了一千年多 Uruk古埃及喜克索王朝国王。

I am coming just now,' and went on perfuming himself with Hunut, then he came and sat.

我来只是现在，'歼灭战perfuming自己与胡努特，那麼，他来到和SAT 。