诉讼

For this large number of plaintiffs involved in class action, the Hangzhou Intermediate People's Court adopted a separate lawsuit, the joinder of the trials conducted.

对于这一类的行动所涉及的原告人数众多，杭州市中级人民法院采取了单独诉讼，审判的进行合并。

The preliminary joinder of actions is a kind of joinder with special structural elements,and in history it's legitimacy was once in question.

诉之预备合并是有顺位的诉讼合并方式，其构成有特殊的要件。预备合并又分为客观的诉之预备合并和主观的诉之预备合并。在大陆法系诉讼法发展的历史上，预备合并之诉的合法性经过了长期的争论与摇摆。

Counterclaim particularly belongs to one kind of joinder of actions,either in law making or in practice,if we can understand and master it's fundamental character and inherent law,it will be not only to help us to save litigants'costs as well as judicial resources,but also be able to avoid the possibility of any conflicts between judgments.

反诉属于一种较为典型的诉的合并，无论在立法上还是在实务上，正确地认识与把握反诉制度的基本属性与内在规律，就能够有利于实现节约当事人的诉讼成本、法院的司法资源，并且有助于避免裁判间的矛盾。

People look on the question differently in nineteenth and twentieth century. FromField Code in 1848 to Federal Rules of Civil Procedure in 1938 different systemsabout joinder of parties are established in legislature and judicial practice, but thediscussion continues behind it, and how to join parties is still a problem which has notassured answers.

在当事人合并制度方面，19世纪和20世纪对这一问题的认识是不同的，从1848年的Field法典到1938年的联邦民事诉讼规则，立法和实务虽然确立了不同的当事人合并制度，但其背后却在延续着争议，如何合并当事人仍是一道没有确定答案的难题。

Without the rich guest implied meaning that confirm the report says Mozilla will sue Microsoft to perhaps attend an European Union one the joinder to Microsoft.

一篇未经证实的博客文章报道称Mozilla将起诉微软或者参加欧盟对微软的联合诉讼。

Therefore, if we desire to bring an action to recover what is now due, and to proceed to joinder of issue and leave the future discharge of the obligation unimpaired, it is necessary, when we bring suit, to make use of the following prescription:"Let the proceedings have reference only to what is at present due."

如果我们想要求应当给付的钱款并将其纳入审判，同时又不触及产生于同一债的未来给付，我们在起诉时就必须假如这样的前书："诉讼所针对的是那些已到期的的物"；如果我们未设置这样的前书，在我们据以要求某些不确定物的程式中，原告请求使用的是这样的词句："如果查明 N ·内基迪显然应当向 A ·阿杰里给或者做任何事"，从而把整个债，包括未来的债，均纳入这次审判

Although the prejudication judger system is fixed by law in many Anglo-American law system countries and Romano-Germanic family countries,the mode of the criminal prosecution in China is different.

尽管预审法官在很多英美法系和大陆法系的国家也都有规定，但我国刑事诉讼模式与这些国家有着相当大的差异，在我国引入预审法官制度既不必要也不恰当。

If the Defendant shall make default in making the above payment or any part thereof or complying with the terms and conditions of this Deed, all balance of the Judgment Debt remain unpaid together with all the interest accrued thereon less the said agreed interest previously paid by the Defendant shall immediately become due and payable by the Defendant to the Plaintiff and the Plaintiff shall be at liberty to proceed the execution of Judgment and further proceedings.

如被告拒不支付上述款项或其中任何部分款项，或拒不执行本协议的条款规定，所有判决确定的债务款的余项，以及由此产生的而被告尚未交足的规定利息的余额将视为立即到期，应由被告支付给原告，且原告有权申请强制执行和重新提起诉讼。

For the purpose of avoiding vexatious litigation, the parties are sometimes deterred by pecuniary penalties, and sometimes by an oath which is imposed by the Pr?tor. In certain cases an action for double damages is brought against a defendant; for instance, in the collection of a judgment debt, or for money expended for a principal, or for unlawful damage to property, or where proceedings are instituted to collect legacies left by condemnation. In some instances, the deposit of a forfeit is permitted to be made, for example, in an action

对于持否认态度地人，在某些情况下规定了双倍诉讼，比如，当因已决案、已清偿物、非法损害或者间接遗赠等问题而被诉时，在某些情况下，允许作出承诺，比如：当因借贷确定数额的钱款或者关于钱款的债务协议而被诉时；然而，在借贷确定数额的钱款的情况下，罚金未三分之一，在关于钱款的债务协议的情况，为二分之一。

Therefore, it is necessary for China's criminal jurisdiction in the corresponding sound.

所以有必要对我国刑事诉讼中管辖权进行相应的完善。

With Death guitarist Schuldiner adopting vocal duties, the band made a major impact on the scene.

随着死亡的吉他手Schuldiner接受主唱的职务，乐队在现实中树立了重要的影响。

But he could still end up breakfasting on Swiss-government issue muesli because all six are accused of nicking around 45 million pounds they should have paid to FIFA.

不过他最后仍有可能沦为瑞士政府&议事餐桌&上的一道早餐，因为这所有六个人都被指控把本应支付给国际足联的大约4500万英镑骗了个精光。