评价

The former depicts a translation activity interpretively, using anexpository model; the later comments on a translation activity from both technicalaspect and ethical aspect, of which the ethical criticism takes priority.

前者是描述解释行为，需要运用一定的翻译行为解释模式，后者是评价行为，可以分为技术性评价和道义评价。在翻译活动评价中，道义评价为第一评价原则。

Not only the highly controversial teaching evaluation and the insignificant service evaluation were developed, noteworthily the teaching evaluation evolving from informal and simple descriptions to a complex and institutionalized system, but also the policies, goals and functions in the field have being under dramatic transformation.

美国高校教师评价在20世纪处在不断的变革中，不但在普遍接受的研究评价之外发展出了备受争议的教学评价和无关紧要的服务评价，而且教学评价更是从非正式的简单描述发展为一套复杂的系统和制度，同时评价的政策、目的和作用也发生了变化。

Basis to support this paper are very abundant. In theory there are evaluation of Scriven, constuctivism and multiple intelligence theory. Mostly act as a direction of building indexes' evaluation system; in practice, the researches of courseware evaluation methods that have been widely applied inside and outside our country to get very well practical evaluating method basis. Mostly we use multiple-parameters quantitative evaluation method which instructs evaluation methods in this paper. Most researches in this paper have two sides.

理论上，斯克里汶的评价观、建构主义理论和多元智力理论是三个强有力的依据，它们主要是在建立CAI课件评价指标体系时，起到指导作用；实践上，通过对国内外目前流行的课件评价方法的研究，获得实践性较好的评价方法依据，主要是多指标综合的量化评价方法对论文在评价方法上，起到指导作用。

Third, Evaluation criteria are inflexible and can not serve the aim of evaluating different projects with different characteristics, the evaluation index being unchangeably bound to papers, works, or scientific research projects.

通过对我国高校教师科研评价的研究发现存在如下问题：一是评价方法不完善，以定量评价为主；二是重形式轻实质，注重科研成果发表的刊物级别、获奖等级，并以是否&核心&、SCI、EI收录等形式代替实质；三是评价标准单一化，不管评价目的是否相同，均采用论文、著作及科研项目等源生指标作为评价标准；四是重数量轻质量，教师为了数量达标，不得不为凑数写文章。

This model decompounds the cooperative partners of virtual enterprises as the roles of the agile supply through analyzing the business process of the agile supply chain; an agent stands for one role of the agile supply chain. We give the architecture of agent negotiation and the reasoning process model based multi-agent negotiation with fuzzy logic control after analyzing the process of multi-agent negotiation. An evaluating principle of the cooperative partners is given for this reasoning process model firstly, then, we analyze the factor, which affect the agent evaluating the cooperative partners with the principle. An evaluation index system is designed for multi-agent and multi-issue and multi-level negotiation, then, we evaluate the proposal in the agent negotiation with the index system fuzzily and synthetically and the result range from 0 to 1. This evaluation method is generic, furthermore, for the adaptability of agent, partiality of agent can be defined manually or automatically, the user can adjust the partiality with changing the weight to optimize negotiation results.

该模型在分析了敏捷供应链的业务流程的基础上将动态联盟的合作伙伴企业按角色进行分解，用Agent来代表每个角色，在分析了Agent谈判的过程之后给出了谈判Agent的体系结构，然后给出了基于模糊逻辑控制的Agent的谈判推理模型，该推理模型首先建立了合作伙伴企业评价体系的原则，并基于此原则分析了影响Agent对合作伙伴企业的评价因素，然后建立了多Agent多问题多级评价指标体系，并基于该指标体系对Agent在谈判中的建议进行模糊综合评价，评价结果是位于区间[0，1]上的值，该评价方法不仅具有通用性，而且Agent可以通过调整各级指标的权重来定义自己的偏好。

Nevertheless, the problems of appraisal conception and value orientation, appraisal system and purpose, appraisal content and methods, appraisers＇ quality in current colleges have greatly narrowed or dissimilated its original functions.

目前，高校教师评价存在的主要问题表现在评价观念的偏差、评价内容的狭窄和评价方式的单一、评价程序的行政化色彩、评价人员素质欠佳等方面。

These five years saw an increase in graduates from sports colleges,and student disposable employment rate in teaching profession declined.The highest rate of sports majors in secondary and higher schools ranks like follows:Sports Education,Social Physical Cultural and Ethnic Traditional Sports;2.Employing units have unsatisfied evaluation on professional dedication in the process of evaluating morality of gradates from our university;also not satisfied with the fact that these graduates are not strict with themselves and be models for students,indicating that there being needs and room left for strengthening and improving students' ideological quality.3.Employing units' evaluations on knowledge structure of graduates from our college:an unanimous affirm of the solid professional skills,and professional skills should not be neglected but strengthened and it needs improvement and creativity;there is polarization in using computers,so we need to think about how to teach computer courses in future teaching process;units are not very satisfied with graduates' foreign language proficiency,the university should lay emphasis on this.4.Employing units' evaluations on graduates ranging from strong to weak:dissatisfaction on organizing and management ability,conducting teaching and training and solving emergent events,and also on demonstrating and explaining and scientific research,to be specific, gradates' acts and skills are not standard,their explanatiens don't seize the key points, demonstrating and explaining ability of athletic training majors are better than that of other majors,and the overall scientific research ability of our graduates are not high enough to meet the employing units' demands and there is still a gap between them.5.Graduate needs from the grass-roots level unitsThe most welcome sport of the grass-roots level includes football,basketball,track and field and aerobics;basic requirements for middle school in new era PE teachers in include finn professional skills,proficiency of computer and foreign language,profound knowledge of humanities and arts and relevant knowledge comprehensive quality of new era teachers is the guarantee whether quality-oriented education of middle schools can be undergone.

从事教学工作专业由高到低依次为：体育教育、运动训练、社会体育和民族传统体育。2用人单位对我院毕业生道德品质方面的评价的总体评价是较好的，其中对敬业精神的评价存在不满意的现象；严于律己，为人师表方面存在不满意的现象，说明对学生思想素质的培养方面仍有加强和提高的空间与必要。3用人单位对我院毕业生知识结构的评价为：毕业生的专业基础掌握比较好，得到了用人单位的一致肯定，学院对毕业生专业基础知识的教育不能掉以轻心，需再接再厉，不断创新；计算机的学习上出现了两级分化，所以在今后的教学过程中，对计算机知识这门课如何开展是我们需要解决的实际问题；外语知识的掌握满意度不是很高，需要学校方面引起一定重视。4用人单位对我院毕业生能力的评价：对组织管理能力，指导教学与训练能力和突发事件处理能力比较满意，然而在示范与讲解能力和科研能力上存在着不满意的现象，主要表现在动作技能不规范，讲解抓不住关键要素，通过调查显示往往运动训练专业毕业的学生在示范讲解这方面要好于其他专业，科研能力整体评价不算很高，与用人单位的需求存在一定的差距。5基层对毕业生的需求对专项的需求足球、篮球、田径、健美操是基层中学较受欢迎的项目；新世纪具备综合素质的教师受到用人单位欢迎，这是素质教育能否有效开展的保证，也是体育教师开展体育创新教学工作的基础。

Study 2 used 2(conflict target: supervisor/subordinate)×3(conflict management mode: integrating/obliging/dominating ) design, letting participants to evaluate the effeciency and appropriateness of the management mode used in the contexts. The results showed:(1) the integrating mode were perceived most efficient and appropriage within the three conflict modes;(2) the interaction between the referent role of conflict object and the management mode is significant, which means when the conflict took place with the supervisor, the participants thought the obliging mode was more appropriate and efficient , while when it took place between the subordinate, they thought the dominating mode was more appropriate and efficient than obliging mode.(3)the interaction between SDO and conflict management mode is significant, which means the participants with high SDO would make no preference between obliging and dominating mode, but the participates with low SDO would favor the dominating rather than obliging mode;(4) the interaction between dialectical ways of thinking and conflict management mode is significant, the lower the level of dialectical way of thinking the participants were, the more difference were found between the appraisal of obliging and dominating mode.(5) the moderating effect of SDO and dialectical ways of thinking to the relationship between conflict object and management mode were not significant, which means the relative position of conflict object in China is so strong that can't be affected by SDO and dialectical ways of thinking.

研究二采用2*3（冲突处理方式：迁就/支配/整合）的情境设计，让被试对情境中冲突主角的冲突处理方式进行恰当有效性的评价，结果显示： 1、在与上级或下级发生冲突时，被试对迁就、支配和整合三种策略中整合式的恰当有效性的评价最高；2、冲突对象的相对地位与冲突处理方式之间的交互作用显著，即当与上级发生冲突时，被试认为使用迁就的处理方式比支配的方式更恰当有效，而与下级发生冲突时，被试则认为使用支配的处理方式比迁就的方式更有效； 3、SDO与冲突处理方式之间的交互作用显著，即SDO水平高的被试对迁就式与支配式的认知评价没有差异，而SDO水平低的被试对支配式比迁就式有更高的评价；4、辩证思维水平与冲突处理方式之间的交互作用显著，即低辩证思维水平的个体比高辩证的个体对支配式与迁就式的评价差异更大；5、SDO水平及辩证思维方式水平对冲突对象影响冲突处理方式评价的程度的调节作用不显著。

Web-based learning evaluation based on Developmental Assessment Theory will absorb excellent evaluation theory, in virtual of advanced computer and network technology, integrate procedural evaluation and multi-evaluation, emphasize more evaluation subject, multiplicities of evaluation criterion and mode, evaluate the learner's ability, promote comprehensive development.

所以，构建基于发展性评价的网络学习评价系统以及相关的平台是支撑网络学习评价的基础，是构建网络学习系统迫切需要的。本文先对基于发展性评价的网络学习评价进行理论分析，然后对网络学习的发展性评价系统进行研究与设计，把此系统划分为电子测验模块、在线讨论模块、我的学档模块、园丁天地模块。

With economic development and social progress, the investment evaluation has transited evaluation system made up from single economic evaluation by economic evaluation, social evaluation and environmental impact evaluation.

随着经济发展与社会进步，投资评价已经从单一的经济评价过渡到由经济评价、社会评价和环境影响评价组成的评价系统。

I can not make it blossom and suits me

我不能让树为我开花

When temperatures are above approximately 80 °C discolouration of the raceways or rolling elements is a frequent feature.

当温度高于 80 °C 左右时，滚道或滚动元件褪色是很常见的特征。