评价

For this, the principle combined together according to the theories research and the fulfillment research, this text at topic set the foundation of activity research which carried on about three years up, the point which puts forward currently the study evaluation of the primary and junior high school foreign language reform should be, Be overing sex evaluation and formation evaluation to lay equal stress on under principle instruction, strengthen the research and the fulfillment which evaluates to the formation.

为此，基于理论研究和实践研究相结合的原则，本文在课题组进行了大约三年时间的行动研究的基础上，提出目前中小学外语学习评价改革的重点应当是，在终结性评价和形成性评价并重原则指导下，加强对形成性评价的研究和实践。

Through investigating,screening langdscape factores which the area of research, We can evaluate highway landscape quality from 3 facets: highway own landscape, highway two sides background landscape, highway two sides human landscape and establishes evaluation system, standards, then using AHP, fuzzy mathematics, public-opinion poll methods to contrast assessment, found out issues, then take some advice and measures in order to providing recovery technology and design basis, coordinating highway and transportation with ecology landscape, planning the along the route traveling economy, Promoting the highway and the traveling, the resources, the environmental protection coordinated development.

通过对研究路域景观要素进行调查、筛选研究，拟定3个方面：即公路自身景观、公路两侧自然景观、公路两侧人文景观对公路景观进行评价、并建立公路景观评价体系，制定评价标准，利用AHP法、模糊数学法、民意测验法对公路景观进行对比评价分析，找出景观存在的问题，提出景观恢复的意见及其措施，为解决公路生态景观恢复和公路景观设计提供现实的科学依据，协调好公路交通与生态景观的关系，规划好沿线的旅游经济，促进公路与旅游、资源、坏境保护协调发展。

According to theories of optimization and modern education, the writer pay more attention to the practice of composition teaching in primary middle school in china, try to seek the strategy of optimization of evaluation. In this thesis, all these propositions, three-dimensional evaluation, standard three-ranked evaluation and three-linked evaluation make great effort to explore strategy of optimization.

本文对作文评价功能的确认、目标的定位，提出对象的三维度评价、标准的三层次评价、方法的三结合评价等构想，对以评语为基本特征的习作作文的优化研究和以分数为主要特征的考试作文的科学化探索。

Teacher evaluation; Developing teacher evaluation; Self-valuation; Criterion; History teaching

教师评价；发展性评价；反思性评价；评价标准；历史教学

So according to the request for cultivating qualified application person, we preliminarily constitute the valuation system throughout the whole course and in the final, of theoretic examination and practice examination, and combined with students' self-valuation and valuation from teachers.

为此， 我们根据地方本科院校培养高素质应用型人才的要求，初步构建了病原生物学与免疫学实验全程评价与终结性评价、理论考核与操作考核、学生自评与教师评价相结合的多元化考核评价体系，并在实践中取得了较好的效果。

While they have limitations, the author finds that they both present useable elements for constructing a new self-improving and developing evaluation system of mathematics teachers. Discussions and suggestions on the structure and contents of such a new system are also presented.

最后，借鉴奖惩性评价和发展性评价对构建数学教师专业化的自主性、发展性评价体系及内容提出讨论及建议，以期对数学教师的发展性评价促其专业化发展的研究起到推动作用。

Some of famous scholars focused on evaluation model known as "Black and Scholes option evaluation model" which was established by Fisher Black and Myron Sholes in 1973. Option evaluation is no doubt very important to trader but how to make capital gain through put-call strategy is more concerned.We examined if we can make profit by the evaluation model of option and spot to research Taiwan option market merely through strategy implementation.

有的学者著重于评价模式之建立，如Fisher Black与Myron Scholes於1973年，提出所谓的&Black and Scholes选择权订价模型&交易人对於选择权评价的方式虽然重视，但是他们更想知道的事如何运用选择权的买卖策略来获取资本利得，但在相关研究上，对於此领域的研究却不是很完善，所以本文将对选择权与现货标的的评价方式透过策略的运用，重新评价，以台湾选择权市场为研究物件，仅就策略性操作是否有其获利模式进行研究。

To further verify the rationality and science of the evaluation system and find out its limitation, the thesis takes the northwestern mountainous and hilly towns in Hangzhou for example, chooses evaluation indices, defines weight distribution, assigns values to the indices, constructs the evaluation system, evaluates the land constructability and defines four subareas for the northwestern mountainous and hilly towns in Hangzhou depending on the constructability, which refer to prohibition area, regulation area, constructable area and build-up area.

为了进一步从实践上验证该评价体系的合理性和科学性，以及校验其存在的不足之处，本文以杭州市西北山地丘陵城镇为实例，选择评价指标，进行权重分配和指标赋值，构建评价体系；进行土地适建性评价；界定杭州市西北部山地丘陵城镇的建设适宜度分区——禁建区、限建区、适建区和已建区。

In this part, Chomoskys theory of deep structure and surface structure of language is used to read the content of the activities curriculum. Analysis some factors which interfere with activities implement arid evaluation them. A series of substantial evaluational methods are also applied. The evaluation of curriculum results are achieved by how degree of the relationship between the implement of curriculum objectives and collectives and individuals.

用乔姆斯基关于语言的深层结构与表层结构解读评价了小学综合实践活动课程的内容，综合分析了影响综合实践活动课程实施的因素，并运用一系列质性评价的方法对其进行评价，然后通过课程目标达成度与集体、个人有无进步对课程实施结果作了评价并对其作了一定的表示。

In order to escplore the new models of cultivating in school, the essay tightly connects cultivating with teaching and research activities, based on developing teachers vacational level by modern information technoledge. Besides, during the process of founding the system of trainning teachers in school, we decide on our cultive target—promote the element educational reform by school internet, combing the facts of different schools. The cultive contnet should suit measures to different conditions, trying to synthesise and stress its practical function. When carrying out the cultive plan, we should sum up different models and explain its essence, steps and function so that we make the best choice. As to evaluational methods, we can take varied evaluational ways, including self-evaluation and evaluating each other by combination of fixing quality and quantity. At last, it is very necessary to found a special organization in order to form cultive web, make entire standarization, pay attention to develop resource and provide cultive guarantee.

本文在构建网络环境下中小学教师校本培训体系时，把以教师专业发展为本，以学校为主要研究基地，以现代信息技术为手段，以新课程的学习和实施为抓手，把培训和教研活动紧密结合、溶为一体，探索校本培训的新模式作为目标；把以基础教育新课程改革为出发点，在总目标的框架下，结合学校的具体实际，以校园网络为依托，来确定相应的培训任务，以促进基础教育课程改革的顺利进行作为任务；培训内容因人而异、因校而异，力求综合化，强调实用性与实践性；就相关的网络环境下校本培训模式进行了归纳整理，就每种模式的基本内涵、实施步骤加以说明，并对其功能列表进行比较，以便使用时更好地选择；运用多元评价和多样化评价方式，采取定性和定量相结合、自评和互评相结合、学校整体和教师个人发展相结合等灵活多样的评价方法，认真地进行科学的全方位的评价；建立一个专门的机构进行组织与管理：建立组织机构，形成培训网络，进行整体规划，优化培训机制，注重资源开发，提供培训保障。

The split between the two groups can hardly be papered over.

这两个团体间的分歧难以掩饰。

This approach not only encourages a greater number of responses, but minimizes the likelihood of stale groupthink.

这种做法不仅鼓励了更多的反应，而且减少跟风的可能性。