证券公司

In addition, it studies the relationship between the independent directors and the board of the supervisors.

因此，对于独立董事制度与公司治理结构的研究，可以帮助我们认清现行独立董事制度在我国是否有效的运行，同时借鉴西方的经验并结合我国的实际情况对独立董事制度不断完善以切实保护中小股东的利益，这一问题的解决必将有利于我国证券市场公正性的提高，有利于公司尤其是上市公司治理结构的改善，有利于加强公众对中国证券市场的信心。

Listed companies, securities market is the governance of listed company is the cornerstone of securities market, the company is the source of investment value.

上市公司是证券市场的主体，上市公司治理是证券市场的基石，也是公司投资价值的源泉。

Brokerage activities in the U.S. are regulated by the SEC, the NASD, and the exchanges on which they do business.

在美国，证券经纪公司的业务活动要遵循证券交易委员会，全美证券交易商协会和证券交易所的规定。

Listed companies should be able to direct or indirect access to insider information submitted to the Stock Exchange insider list for the record; insider insider information to buy back shares in the program before the public, not to disclose the information should not purchase or sell securities of the company The proposed sale or other securities of the company.

上市公司应能直接或间接获得的内幕提交联交所备案内幕信息列表；内幕信息，回购股票的计划在公众面前，不得披露的信息应不得买卖该公司证券的拟议的出售或公司的其他证券。

Borrowing and lending agreement, repledge the Client's securities collateral for financial accommodation or deposit the Client's securities collateral as collateral for

向本公司提供授权书，容许其按照某份证券借贷协议书使用客户的证券或证券抵押品、将客户的证券抵押品再质押以取得财务通融，或

It includes crime of cheated issuing shares andbonds,crime of issues stocks or corporate or enterprise bonds withoutapproval of the competent departments,crime of inside trading anddivulging inside information,crime of manipulating securities tradingprices,crime of fabricating and disseminating false information of tradingshares and crime of inveigling investors into purchasing or selling shares.

狭义的证券犯罪包括：欺诈发行股票、债券罪、擅自发行股票、公司、企业债券罪、内幕交易、泄露内幕信息罪、操纵证券交易价格罪、变造并传播证券交易虚假信息罪和诱骗投资者买卖证券罪。

With the promotion of the reform of securities market and fast development of the capital market of our country, the public company, more remarkably, has exposed in the intricate market risk.

随着我国证券市场改革的深化和资本市场的快速发展，上市公司也更显著地暴露在错综复杂的市场风险中，中国证券市场比较差的外在监管环境、不健全的公司内部管理机制以及市场诞生之初制度性因素的内生阻力、时疾时缓的改革步伐和资本寻求增值的天然冲动等综合因素使得许多上市公司难逃风险伤害而遭受破产、清算的命运：公司面临&退市&风险的考验，债权人、投资者的潜在利益面临巨大损失。

If the trustee finds that the QFII overbuys securities (the balance in the RMB special account of the QFII is not adequate to pay for the securities bought on the same day), it may, according to the relevant agreements, apply to the Clearing Corporation for non-trade transfer of the overbought securities from the securities account of the QFII to that of the appointed party, and transfer the equivalent capitals from the capital account of the appointed party to that of the trustee.

如果托管人发现合格投资者超买证券（人民币特殊账户的余额不足以支付合格投资者当日应付交收资金额），可以按照相关协议向结算公司提出申请将超买证券从合格投资者证券账户非交易过户到指定当事人证券账户，同时将相应资金从指定当事人资金账户划至托管人资金账户。

Chapter three:"The development and present situation of delisting system in our country's securities bussiness'Un this section, the necessity of establishing and consummating the delisting system is discussed and refer to some regulations of Company Law, Securities Law and the rivision process of "Measures for listing suspension and prohibition of loss-making listed company", the text analyses the changing characters of the stock market and the necessity of revision of the "Listing regulations of the stock"which is used in the Shenzheng and Shanghai securities exchange concourses and devides the development process of our delisting system into several sections with pointing out the influence to the stock market which is produced by relative regulations."

第三章为&我国证券市场退市制度的发展历程及现状&，本部分首先论述了我国建立和完善证券市场退市制度的必要性，并从我国《公司法》及《证券法》中有关退市的规定入手，通过对《亏损上市公司暂停上市和终止上市实施办法》前后几次的修订过程，分析了我国实施&退市令&前后证券市场的变化特征以及深沪两个交易所修订《股票上市规则》的必要性，将我国退市制度的发展过程分为几个阶段，列示了制度中的有关规定及对证券市场的影响。

Appreciation of the securities market is concerned, there are three main implications: the first is the impact on the performance of listed companies, the RMB appreciation will change the import and export of China's current situation, thereby affecting import and export of listed companies with high dependence on the basic face and performance, particularly in the U.S. dollar clearing of goods even more pronounced effect; second is the appreciation of the RMB exchange rate policy decisions affecting the securities market behavior, indirect effects of stock market prices; third is the impact on money supply and the stock market, appreciation could lead to speculative capital inflows or outflows.

升值对证券市场而言，主要有三个方面的影响：第一是对上市公司的业绩造成影响，人民币升值必将改变我国现有进出口状况，进而影响对进出口依存度高的上市企业的基本面及效绩，尤其是以美元结算的商品影响更为突出；第二是人民币汇率升值影响证券市场决策行为，间接影响证券市场价格；第三是对证券市场的资金供求造成影响，升值可能导致投机性资金的流入或流出。

The split between the two groups can hardly be papered over.

这两个团体间的分歧难以掩饰。

This approach not only encourages a greater number of responses, but minimizes the likelihood of stale groupthink.

这种做法不仅鼓励了更多的反应，而且减少跟风的可能性。