设计

This thesis investigates the profile extraction and shape optimization on the result of topology optimization of planar compliant mechanisms. The main context includes the following work:(1) summarizing and analyzing the recent research status, some harvest and unsolved problems;(2) analyzing the conceptual design of planar path-generating compliant mechanisms and its mathematical model and tools;(3) Modifying the method of density contour as the method of profile extraction, and developing a method to optimize the density function in the profile extraction according to the requirement of the design of compliant mechanism;(4) developing a method to abstract the compliant mechanism into a form of links and joints by using the principle of connectivity on topology;(5) developing a method of shape optimization of planar path-generating compliant mechanisms, by representing the profile of the abstracted compliant mechanism as simple curves such as straight lines and arcs, establishing the models of the size optimization of the parameters of these curves, so that the compliant mechanism has a machinable shape;(6) At last, proving the feasibleness and effectiveness of the design method by making simulation design and validating it in FEA software.

主要工作包括：(1)分析了柔顺机构拓扑优化和形状优化的研究现状，分析了目前柔顺机构的研究重点、主要成果和尚未解决的问题；(2)分析了基于SIMP的柔顺机构概念设计方法及其相关工具和模型；(3)针对柔顺机构轮廓提取的特殊要求，提出了密度等值线法的改进方案，对密度函数插值点密度值进行优化，提出优化模型和选择优化算法；(4)根据轨迹输出平面全柔顺机构自身的形状特点，提出了轨迹输出平面全柔顺机构的抽象方法，即应用拓扑学上的连通性原理将柔顺机构抽象成杆件和结点形式，并对相应的数学原理进行了证明；(5)提出了平面全柔顺机构的形状还原和尺寸优化方法，对抽象的柔顺机构进行还原，将其轮廓还原成简单曲线的连接，从而建立尺寸优化模型，对机构进行尺寸优化设计，在得到可加工的机构轮廓的同时又能对关键部位进行特别处理；(6)进行了柔顺机构的数值仿真设计，并将所得设计结果导入商用有限元软件中进行仿真实验，证明了设计方法的可行性和有效性。

Firstly, the circumstances of focimeter, the working principle of automatic focimeter, the MCU ARM and the picture sensor are introduced in this paper.And then based on the optical principle of the automatic focimeter, the research on the optical arithmetic of lens'parameters and the arithmetic on the picture point are presented.And after that, the design of the whole system,the design of the optical system,the design of the mechanical system and the design of the electrical system are discussed . And then the design of the hardware system and the design of the software system are emphatically discussed.

本文首先介绍了焦度计的概况、自动焦度计的工作原理、ARM单片机及图像传感器；然后结合自动焦度计的工作原理，对焦度计中一些光学参数的算法以及中心像点的位置检测算法进行了研究和讨论；接着介绍了总体方案的设计、光路系统的设计、机械系统的设计以及电气系统的设计；接下来重点讨论了硬件和软件的设计。

His studio Fons Hickmann m23 develops holistic communication systems: Corporate design, book and poster layouts, magazine concepts, and digital media.

他的冯斯·黑格曼 m23工作室涵盖整个视觉传达系统设计：视觉识别设计、书籍和海报设计、杂志概念设计和数字化媒体设计。

This paper discusses the problems of the roof design in northern frore area with the practice of dwelling house design for Changchun Finance Bureau.

结合长春市财政局职工住宅小区的屋顶设计实践，分别从屋顶的角度处理、老虎窗设计、屋顶平台设计、结构和构造设计5个方面，探讨了北方严寒地区住宅的屋顶设计问题。

It describes mainly the process of systemdesign, including whole design, detail design, database design , security design, data structure and data code scheme, It introduces in detail how to create a graphic file of pipeline data on the MicroStation platform, and the exchange of data between the MicroStation and other GIS application software, At the same time, it introduces how to realize popular manage mode of GIS data on the MicroStation GeoGraphics, namely integratinggraphics and attribute.

本文在分析长沙市地下管线数据现状和目前数据管理情况的基础上，指出建立长沙市城市地下管网信息系统的必要性和紧迫性，阐述了系统的设计过程，包括总体设计、详细设计、数据库设计和安全设计，讲述了系统的数据组织方式及数据编码方案，并详细介绍在MicroStation平台下如何处理数据生成管网图形文件，阐述了系统实现的方法、过程以及与其它系统如何实现数据交换，也介绍在MicroStation GeoGraphics下如何实现当今GIS较为流行的数据管理模式：图属一体化。

It canprovide dynamic responses of the system with changes of wheel load,vehicle velocity, frequency and irregularities of the track, and distribution of dynamic responses in the subgrade can be given, also beused to select parameters, optimize designs and forecast dynamicproperties of the system, etc.(2) Based on Timoshenko beam and geostatic theory, couplingrestricted equations of various finite elements are founded. The restrictedequations have been dealt with by Lagrangian enlarging multipliers.

该模型充分地考虑了系统的空间、时变、耦合特性及路-桥-隧过渡段的设计断面和设计参数，可提供无碴轨道路-桥-隧过渡段系统的动态响应时程及动态响应场分布等，具有合理选择无碴轨道过渡段设计参数、优化设计及预测动力性能等功能，从而为高速铁路无碴轨道过渡段系统的设计提供了理论分析依据。

Williams and Kubel poster art and has work selected international poster exhibitions such as Chaumont Poster Biennale, The Poster Museum at Wilanów, Homage á Henryk Tomaszewski, 20th International Poster Biennale in Warsaw, 1st + 2nd Korean International Poster Biennale, 26 Letters, ISTD, British Library, London Design Week, 6th International Poster Triennial in Toyama. In 2005 williams and Kubel were awarded the Overall Award from International Society of Typographic Designers for a series of typographic posters and recently they won a Graphis Platinum and a Gold Award from Graphis Poster in USA.

A2/SW/HK 主要从事印刷品、视觉识别、海报、字体设计和立体设计，对海报设计也很感兴趣，其作品多次入选各种国际海报展，如肖蒙海报双年展、维拉努夫海报博物馆、纪念亨利·托马耶夫斯基展、第20届华沙国际海报双年展、第一、二届韩国国际海报双年展、英国26字母计划、大英图书馆，伦敦设计周，第6届日本富山国际海报三年展。2005年威廉姆斯和库贝尔设计的一系列字体海报被国际字体设计师协会授予全场大奖，最近获得美国《图形》海报年鉴的白金设计奖和金奖。

In the process of optimization design using ANSYS, the Optimized circulation may be intermitted because of some problems in modeling, Meshing, selecting design variables, state variables and objective functions, and optimized method.

引言应用工程优化设计软件进行结构分析[1～2]和优化设计[1，3]，可大大提高结构设计人员的工作效率，减轻结构设计人员的工作强度，是结构设计人员应具备的一项基本技术。

The aPplication tools aPplied tomissile system design deal with complex comPuting models and data models, and that thedesign process is quite complex itself, all which make interaction among aPplications quitedifficult, accordingly the efficiency of design is very lowAn integrated method is proposed to solve the difficulty of interaction amongmulti-disciplinary and different designers and tO promote design efficiency, shorten cycle andreduce cost of the design.

在导弹武器系统设计领域，工程师所利用的应用工具及相应的计算模型和数据模型异常复杂，再加上设计流程本身固有的复杂性，使得应用之间的交互及对整体设计过程的控制非常困难，设计者之间难以交流设计情况，使得整个系统的总体设计效率低下。

Apart from simulating the manul design procedure, It is one of the main aim for the CARYD to realize the design result of longitude and cross-section profile in the entity way agreeing with the influence tendency for the reason that the solid entity design can not only provide the user with visual effect but also make it simple and exact to calculate the quantity of engineering work, particularly the earth-work of filling-in and digging-out.

铁路站场横纵断面计算机辅助设计软件除保证传统手工方法的实现，实体化设计的流行趋势也是论文作者追求的主要目标之一。实体化的设计结果不仅具有很高的可视性，利用该设计结果也使得填挖方工程数量的设计计算变得更方便、更准确。

However, as the name（read－only memory）implies, CD disks cannot be written onorchanged in any way.

然而，正如其名字所指出的那样，CD盘不能写，也不能用任何方式改变其内容。

Galvanizes steel pallet is mainly export which suits standard packing of European Union, the North America. galvanizes steel pallet is suitable to heavy rack. Pallet surface can design plate type, corrugated and the gap form, satisfies the different requirements.

镀锌钢托盘多用于出口，替代木托盘，免薰蒸，符合欧盟、北美各国对出口货物包装材料的法令要求；喷涂钢托盘适用于重载上货架之用，托盘表面根据需要制作成平板状、波纹状及间隔形式，满足不同的使用要求。