讽刺的

Bulgakov, while inheriting the outstanding tradition of satirical literature that originates in Gogolian and Shedrin, developed satirical art to the extent of bizarreness, absurdity and mysteriousness, which are closely related to the reality on the basis of a borrowing from European writers. Furthermore he also explored the application of stream of consciousness and surrealism of modernism.

布尔加科夫继承了俄罗斯自果戈理、谢德林以来的讽刺文学的优秀传统，在广泛借鉴西欧作家创作成果的基础上，把讽刺艺术综合发展到紧密联系现实的奇异化、悖谬和荒诞神秘的程度，并对现代主义的意识流和超现实主义手法的运用有所探新。

From the exposition, we can see a myriad voices converging and noisy Carnival-Square; Surpassing the official language of all norms and bans, extensive use of Carnival Language, such as a non-verbal vulgarity , God swear,reprimand, buffoonery, slapstick humor and so on, and carnivalized genre, for example, Funny folk songs, Parody Correspondence, Manuscripts, the Noble Style Irony Simulation, Citation irony to Explain the Phrase, etc.Shaping a series of carnival-style comedy characters in the novel. Scott sets up their own story, with full advantage of the Carnival factors such as Resurrection, Mask, Changing Clothes. The novel hides a Drowning-Decrowning Structure on conceiving the whole and setting up the characters.

从论述中我们可以看到一个众声交汇、喧闹的狂欢式广场；语言也突破官方的一切规范、禁令，大量使用了民间粗俗化口语、指神赌咒、发誓、插科打诨、嬉笑怒骂等等狂欢节语言和滑稽的民间歌谣、戏仿书信、手稿、对崇高文体的讽刺性模拟、对引文讽刺性解释等等狂欢化体裁；在小说中塑造了一系列狂欢式的喜剧人物形象；司各特充分利用了狂欢节里的"复活"、"假面"、"换装"等狂欢因素来设置自己的故事情节，在小说整体构思和人物形象设置中还隐含了一种脱冕型的结构。

Su Wong-Shen's artworks reflect contemporary social phenomenon indirectly. He uses dog's figures to mock human's desire and violence in contemporary society. Dog's characteristic of attack and tear demonstrate human's rude and aggressive behavior. Dogs and animals represent greed, contemptibility, no benevolence and righteousness, which can be used to mock desire hidden behind human.

苏旺伸作品内容是以一种曲折间接的方式去反映当代社会现象，他以犬形图像讽刺当代社会中人们的诸多欲望、暴力等，以犬具有攻击、撕咬的特质来意味人们的粗暴、攻击的行为举止，并以犬、兽於文化中贪婪、卑劣、无仁义的意涵，讽刺人表面下所潜藏的欲望。

Not that Islam has always lacked irony in this respect: the works of the Sufi masters are full of it. But the Sufi masters (I think of Rumi and Hafiz especially) belong to that great and self-knowing Islamic culture on which the Islamists have turned their backs, embracing instead the narrow-minded bigotry of Ibn Abd-al-Wahhab or the self-deceived nostalgia of the Muslim Brotherhood and Sayyid Qutb.

我不是说在这个方面伊斯兰总缺乏讽刺能力，苏非大师的著作中就充满了讽刺，但苏非大师（我特别想到诗人鲁米和哈菲兹）属于那个被伊斯兰分子抛弃的伟大的认识自己的伊斯兰文化，相反拥抱了阿布德阿·瓦哈卜·布哈里（Ibn Abd-al-Wahhab）的狭隘种族偏见或者穆斯林兄弟社和赛义德·库特布自我欺骗的怀旧情结。

Instead of replacing the "rulers" who represent the people, he defines new rules for their interaction and tampers with the metaphysical constitution.

罗思一方面继承了美国犹太文学的传统，描写犹太人的生活和他们不幸的命运，另一方面又公开讽刺和反对犹太文学传统，以怪诞的形象和夸张的手法来讽刺美国的社会弊病。

By Lemuel Gulliver, First a Surgeon, and then a Captain of several Ships, is a novel by Irish writer and clergyman Jonathan Swift that is both a satire on human nature and a parody of the "travellers' tales" literary sub-genre.

格列佛游记》是乔纳森·斯威夫特的一部杰出的游记体讽刺小说，以较为完美的艺术形式表达了作者的思想观念，作者用丰富的讽刺手法和虚构幻想的离奇情节，深刻的剖析了当时的英国社会现实。

Third, Luxun and Qian Zhongshu were both famous a satirists. But, Luzun wan good at societal criticism and satirizing absurd people and affairs. Qian Zhongshu which was scholastic write was good at discovering the comedy and philosophy from common life.

再有，作为讽刺幽默的两位大师，鲁迅更侧重于社会批判的姿态，对与实际的现世生活格格不入的荒诞的人和事进行尖锐的讽刺，钱钟书则是以学者的睿智&过滤&出平凡生活中的喜剧和哲理。

Both novelists use a storytelling method that emphasizes ironic disjunctions between different perspectives on the same events as well as ironic tensions that inhere in the relationship between surface drama and concealed authorical intention, a method I call an evidentiary narrative technique.

两种小说家都使用一种讲故事的方法，来强调同一事件不同角度的讽刺差别和浅显戏剧与隐藏的权威倾向的讽刺联系，我称之为明显的叙述技巧。转自：全球学习网

Both novelists use a storytelling method that emphasizes ironic disjunctions between different perspectives on the same events as well as ironic tensions that inhere in the relationship between surface drama and concealed authorical intention, a method I call an evidentiary narrative technique.

81，两种小说家都使用一种讲故事的方法，来强调同一事件不同角度的讽刺差别和浅显戏，两种小说家都使用一种讲故事的方法，剧与隐藏的权威倾向的讽刺联系，我称之为明显的叙述技巧。

Both novelists use a storytelling method that emphasizes ironic disjunctions between different perspectives on the same events as well as ironic tensions that inhere in the relationship between surface drama and concealed authorical intention, a method I call an evidentiary narrative technique.

第五部分（81-100句译文） 81、两种小说家都使用一种讲故事的方法，来强调同一事件不同角度的讽刺差别和浅显戏剧与隐藏的权威倾向的讽刺联系，我称之为明显的叙述技巧。

The split between the two groups can hardly be papered over.

这两个团体间的分歧难以掩饰。

This approach not only encourages a greater number of responses, but minimizes the likelihood of stale groupthink.

这种做法不仅鼓励了更多的反应，而且减少跟风的可能性。