讽刺作家

Allegoric prose is classified by the three kinds of types such as allegoric tale, allegoric miscellany and general miscellany type.

再者，凡是主要以比喻的手段，借用寓言、故事或陈述类似的事情来对现实问题传达作家讽刺教导意义的文章就是讽谕文。

Its best writer was Aristophanes,who has left eleven plays,including Frogs,Clouds,Wasps and Birds.

阿里斯托芬被认为是最著名的古典讽刺戏剧作家，他有 11 部优秀戏剧留给后世，其中包括《蛙》，《云》，《蜂》和《鸟》等。

Bulgakov, while inheriting the outstanding tradition of satirical literature that originates in Gogolian and Shedrin, developed satirical art to the extent of bizarreness, absurdity and mysteriousness, which are closely related to the reality on the basis of a borrowing from European writers. Furthermore he also explored the application of stream of consciousness and surrealism of modernism.

布尔加科夫继承了俄罗斯自果戈理、谢德林以来的讽刺文学的优秀传统，在广泛借鉴西欧作家创作成果的基础上，把讽刺艺术综合发展到紧密联系现实的奇异化、悖谬和荒诞神秘的程度，并对现代主义的意识流和超现实主义手法的运用有所探新。

Ma Jian, the author of the blackly satirical novel "Beijing Coma," who lives in self-imposed exile in London, is barely known in China.

写黑色讽刺小说"肉之土"的作家马健自我放逐住在伦敦，在国内几乎无人知晓。

Bolingbroke's attacks upon revealed religion, aimed from the standpoint of a sensationalistic theory of knowledge, were, as a recent writer puts it,"insufferably wearisome"; nor could all his cynicism and satire, any more than the scepticism of the Scottish philosopher, renew general interest in a controversy that was practically dead.

bolingbroke的攻击行动后，揭示了宗教的，其目的是从站在一个sensationalistic理论知识外，均作为近期作家的说法，"简直疲倦"，也可能他的所有犬儒主义和讽刺，任何多於持怀疑态度的苏格兰哲学家，换领普遍感兴趣的一个争议是，几乎死亡。

This article thought that, Reactivating outstanding satire art manifested not merely in the artist to at that time the Russian corrupt society reality intense satire above, in a higher level, this kind of satire art has manifested the writer in during the profound social history observation, did to the nature divine nature to the realistic common custom human nature criticalness satire, it also included Tolstoi regarding the self- profound satire.

本文以为，《复活》优秀的讽刺艺术不仅仅体现在艺术家对当时俄国腐败社会现实强烈的讽刺上面，在更高层次上，这种讽刺艺术体现了作家在深刻的社会历史的观察之中，对大自然神性所作的对现实世俗人性批判性的讽刺，它其中也包括托尔斯泰对于自我深刻的讽刺。

First,inspected Zhang Tianyi novel's practical pursue and the criticalness strengthens,he can always adhere to the spirit of realism,and integrates own life to realize from experience,entrusts with its meaning of the times,has affected the new writers' creative thinking,and find a new way for the left-wing literature being forward;next, Zhang Tianyi profited from some theatrical creation factor to realize its satire intention,has had the important influence to the 1930's satire literatures,expanded its influence,urged the satire literature to move towards flourishing;Once again, Zhang Tianyi novel's modernity search has made the preliminary conformity and the standard to Modern Chinese Literature's modernity reforming regards the realism ideological trend in China's changing,its modernity value and the significance, were urging the literature powerfully in 1930's to modernized forward.

首先，考察了张天翼小说的写实性追求和批判性强化，他能够始终坚持写实的精神，并融入自己的生命体悟，赋予其时代的意义，影响了新文学作家的创作思维，为正在前进中的左翼文学找到了新的路向；其次，张天翼借鉴了一些戏剧性的创作因素来实现其讽刺的意图，对30年代的讽刺文学产生了重要影响，扩大了其影响，促使着讽刺文学逐渐走向繁兴；再次，张天翼小说的现代性探求对中国现代文学的现代性转型做出了初步的整合和规范来看待现实主义思潮在中国的流变，其所具有的现代性价值与意义，有力地促使着文学在1930年代向现代化的迈进。

Han, a high school dropout, has built a franchise by tweaking his elders, once stating,"No matter how rude and immature they are, how unskillfully they write, the future literary world belongs to the post-'80s generation. They must be more arrogant. A writer must be arrogant." Yet despite his youthful bravado, Han, who has published 14 books and anthologies, generally stays away from sensitive issues such as democracy and human rights. His calculated rebelliousness, says Lydia Liu, a professor of Chinese and Comparative Literature at Columbia University, exemplifies the unspoken compact his generation has forged with the ruling Communist Party: Leave us alone to have fun and we won't challenge your right to run the country.

韩寒，一个高中退学生，借力于他对老一辈作家的讽刺，他曾指出："不管他们写的多么粗俗，多么幼稚，多么烂，中国文坛的未来是属于80后的，他们必须更加清高，一个作家，就必须清高"尽管他年轻高傲，却已经出版了14本书和精选集，这些书一般都远离敏感的问题，比如民主和人权，哥伦比亚大学汉语比较学的教授Lydia Liu评价他这种游刃有余的反叛性，例证了他在共产党的当言则不当隐--给我足够的自由做我喜欢的事情，我则不会对你的政权构成任何的威胁。

Their differences in form make this effect a complicated process of intersecting and dissociating, attracting and resisting.

日常叙事的风行是对曾经一统天下的宏伟叙事的偏执性反拔，是启蒙神话破裂之后的幻灭叙事，写物主义倾向和日常生活本身的封闭性与重复性使小说的主体性呈现为碎片状态；模糊审美作为叙事风格主要表现为内心光照逐渐黯淡的黑夜主题夺走了叙事者的存在基础，欲望化叙事和表象化叙事闪现着一种遗忘意志，作家相对主义式的犹豫表达模糊了必要的价值分野；小说的新闻化倾向作为一种文体现象，是对快速推进的信息时代和全球性的非虚构化潮流的文化回应，但它所标榜的真实性因为只能停留在表浅层次而显得暖昧和可疑；自我重复是反修辞和反诗学的命题，是指相同的叙事成分在同一作家的不同作品中的机械重复，自我重复有细节重复、情节与结构重复、扩写与改写等表现形式，媒体时代的强制性文化法则、作家的内在缺陷和叙事模式的局限性是其文化根源；反讽与讽刺相比，是一种相对温和却又更具普遍性的文化反抗形式，但九十年代小说的言语反讽、情境反讽和总体反讽都因为主体缺乏内在的价值支撑而陷入虚无，虚伪的反抗成为一种遮蔽现实的屏障；九十年代小说的叙事视角从传统的全知视角转向限知视角，具体表现为旁观视角和窥视视角，这种强调局部性和差异性的视角本来可以成为扩展个人话语空间的正当途径，但由于它们被过分地利用于渲染感官刺激和心理刺激，与大众趣味不谋而合。

Apuleius: Roman philosopher and satirist whose best-known work is The Golden ass.

阿普列乌斯·卢修斯：2世纪罗马哲学家及讽刺作家，其最著名的作品是金驴。

On the other hand, the more important thing is because the urban housing is a kind of heterogeneity products.

另一方面，更重要的是由于城市住房是一种异质性产品。

Climate histogram is the fall that collects place measure calm value, cent serves as cross axle for a few equal interval, the area that the frequency that the value appears according to place is accumulated and becomes will be determined inside each interval, discharge the graph that rise with post, also be called histogram.

气候直方图是将所收集的降水量测定值，分为几个相等的区间作为横轴，并将各区间内所测定值依所出现的次数累积而成的面积，用柱子排起来的图形，也叫做柱状图。