讽刺

L " A Modest Proposal 《一个小小的建议》" is a satire written by Swift and it is generally taken as a perfect model of satire.

。 《一个小小的建议》是由斯威夫特写的讽刺剧，它一般被认作是一部完美的讽刺剧典范。

And of the witty and satiric prose, those written by Jonathan Swift are especially worth studying, his A Modest Proposal being generally regarded as the best model of satire, not only of the period but also in the whole English literary history.

讽刺、幽默的散文，尤其是那些写的乔纳森迅速值得研究，他被普遍视为一个温和建议最佳典范讽刺、不仅期限，而且在整个英语文学史。

Back in 1973, National Lampoon magazine ran a satirical cover image of a very cute, very worried-looking puppy with a gun pointed at its head. The headline read:"If You Don't Buy This Magazine, We'll Kill This Dog": motivation by emotional blackmail, taken to its absurdist extreme.

早在1973年，国家讽刺杂志曾讽刺过一个非常可爱的杂志封面，有个人能非常担心的用枪指着狗的脑袋，标题如下："如果你不买这边杂志，那么我讲杀了这只狗"；使用了情感敲诈，这采取了及其荒诞的手段。

This article thought that, Reactivating outstanding satire art manifested not merely in the artist to at that time the Russian corrupt society reality intense satire above, in a higher level, this kind of satire art has manifested the writer in during the profound social history observation, did to the nature divine nature to the realistic common custom human nature criticalness satire, it also included Tolstoi regarding the self- profound satire.

本文以为，《复活》优秀的讽刺艺术不仅仅体现在艺术家对当时俄国腐败社会现实强烈的讽刺上面，在更高层次上，这种讽刺艺术体现了作家在深刻的社会历史的观察之中，对大自然神性所作的对现实世俗人性批判性的讽刺，它其中也包括托尔斯泰对于自我深刻的讽刺。

First,inspected Zhang Tianyi novel's practical pursue and the criticalness strengthens,he can always adhere to the spirit of realism,and integrates own life to realize from experience,entrusts with its meaning of the times,has affected the new writers' creative thinking,and find a new way for the left-wing literature being forward;next, Zhang Tianyi profited from some theatrical creation factor to realize its satire intention,has had the important influence to the 1930's satire literatures,expanded its influence,urged the satire literature to move towards flourishing;Once again, Zhang Tianyi novel's modernity search has made the preliminary conformity and the standard to Modern Chinese Literature's modernity reforming regards the realism ideological trend in China's changing,its modernity value and the significance, were urging the literature powerfully in 1930's to modernized forward.

首先，考察了张天翼小说的写实性追求和批判性强化，他能够始终坚持写实的精神，并融入自己的生命体悟，赋予其时代的意义，影响了新文学作家的创作思维，为正在前进中的左翼文学找到了新的路向；其次，张天翼借鉴了一些戏剧性的创作因素来实现其讽刺的意图，对30年代的讽刺文学产生了重要影响，扩大了其影响，促使着讽刺文学逐渐走向繁兴；再次，张天翼小说的现代性探求对中国现代文学的现代性转型做出了初步的整合和规范来看待现实主义思潮在中国的流变，其所具有的现代性价值与意义，有力地促使着文学在1930年代向现代化的迈进。

A satire or lampoon, especially one that ridicules a specific person,traditionally written and posted in a public place.

讽刺文章，讽刺作品，讽刺文章或略带挖苦性的作品，尤指嘲讽某一特定的人的作品，常常写在或张帖在公共场合

But both of them heighten the functions of subjective satire, strengthen the tense of criticism, break through the bandage of traditional poetic justice of Confucianism, and promote the further development of ancient Chinese ironical art.

二者的讽刺诗更加强化了主观讽刺的功能，加大了批判的力度，突破了传统儒家诗教说的束缚，推动了中国古代讽刺艺术的进一步发展。

The focus of this paper is the discussion on the pragmatic strategy of Sarcastic speech act. There are two kinds of sarcastic strategy: 1~st, the sarcastic strategy of using reference alone, including the direct reference strategy and indirect reference strategy. 2~nd, the sarcastic strategy which is realized by the reference and core behavior together. The core behavior strategies are: the echoic mention, imitation, description, irony, presupposition, pun and hyperbole.

首先，本文将汉语讽刺策略区分为两类：一类是指称单独实施的讽刺策略，具体包括直接指称策略和间接指称策略；另一类是指称和核心行为共同实施的讽刺策略，其中核心行为部分的策略有回声提述策略、模仿策略、描摹策略、反说策略、巧用预设策略、双关策略以及夸张策略。

PORTRAIT:"Zivojin Pavlovic ZIKISON"(famous cartoonist, satiric, editor and publisher of satiric magazine from Serbia), Radoje Domanovic (the most famous satire writer of all times in SERBIA), Jaroslav Hasek (famous writer of the antiwar satire "Good soldier Svejk" from CZECH REPUBLIC) and Stanislaw Jerzy Lec (establisher and founder of the modern world aphorism from POLAND) and WITHOUT WORDS.

肖像：&Zivojin帕夫洛维奇ZIKISON&（著名漫画家，讽刺，编辑和来自塞尔维亚讽刺杂志出版），拉多耶多马诺维奇（最著名的时候都在塞尔维亚讽刺作家），雅罗斯拉夫哈谢克（著名作家讽刺的反战&好兵帅克&从捷克共和国）和斯坦尼斯耶凝集（创办人以及来自波兰的现代世界的格言创始人）和无话。

Humor comic books, comic books such as science and was welcomed. 1979 "People's Daily" comic supplement "讽刺与幽默" launch, newspapers all over the cartoons also have come out in succession.

幽默漫画、科学漫画等受到人们的欢迎。1979年《人民日报》漫画增刊《讽刺与幽默》创刊，各地的漫画报刊也相继问世。

The absorption and distribution of chromium were studied in ryeusing nutrient culture technique and pot experiment.

采用不同浓度K2CrO4(0，0.4，0.8和1.2 mmol/L)的Hoagland营养液处理黑麦幼苗，测定铬在黑麦体内的亚细胞分布、铬化学形态及不同部位的积累。

By analyzing theory foundation of mathematical morphology in the digital image processing, researching morphology arithmetic of the binary Image, discussing two basic forms for the least structure element: dilation and erosion.

通过分析数学形态学在图像中的理论基础，研究二值图像的形态分析算法，探讨最小结构元素的两种基本形态：膨胀和腐蚀；分析了数学形态学复杂算法的基本原理，把数学形态学的部分并行处理理念引入到家实际应用中。