论述的

The current study aims at distinctions of facework employment between Chinese and western culture, and leaning towards mixing. The discussion mainly focus on the followings: the analysis of characteristics of traditional"li"culture; Chinese concept of"face"in"li"culture; individualism in American culture; individualism in Chinese communication;the acceptance of"li"in American concept of face. What is really new in this study is to find out new tendency of mixing of"face"concepts in Chinese-Western communication.

在不同的文化背景下，其应用方式和应用原则大相径庭，本文旨在论述和研究中国和美国两种不同的文化背景下，面子问题在交际过程中应用的区别，对交际效果产生的影响以及相互融合的趋势，主要从以下几方面进行论述：阐述中国传统"礼"文化的特点；"礼"文化影响下中国人的面子观；美国文化中的个人主义特点；个人主义价值观中面子概念的特点；中国人交往中个人主义的突显。

President Lin Chun-shin pointed out that this contention evoked academic disputes because the book adopted inappropriate basic documents and division of historical periods. Besides, there was a lack of foreign comparison and precise definition. Individualism was not uniquely from England. The author should have ulterior motives for discussing individualism with the inclusion of all behaviors of "free tenants." For example, he intended to relate individualism to capitalism. As a matter of fact, capitalism is only a system stressing that the function of "capital" is to shape an efficient society. The said society, whether it upholds individualism or the familism, or adopts other polity, could function just the same.

林俊兴董事长表示，由於本书采用的基础文献与历史分期并不适切，又缺乏对外比较与准确定义，所以其论述颇有学术争议；个人主义并非英格兰特有，作者将「自由佃户」的行为都归类为个人主义来论述，应有其他动机，例如想衍生出个人主义与资本主义间的议题；但事实上资本主义仅是一种制度，强调的是「资本」的作用形塑出更有效率的社会，至於该社会崇尚个人还是家族主义，或是采行不同的政体皆可运行。

There were already many dissertations about the metaphysics in Hegelianism in philosophical circles, but these dissertations affirmed the metaphysics in Hegelianism in the proper sense of metaphysics which means sense of philosophy taking up-experience things as object of study.

关于黑格尔哲学的形而上学，哲学史界已有许多论述，但这些论述都是在形而上学的本来意义即以超经验的事物为对象的哲学的意义上肯定黑格尔哲学的形而上学的性质。

The Prince Bo o k 12 Ho w Ma n y Kin d s o f Milit a ry T e re Are h a n d C o n c e rn in g Me rc e n a ry So ld ie rs Having discoursed in particular on all the qualities of those principalities which at the beginning I proposed to reason about, having considered in some part the causes of their well-being and ill-being, and having shown the modes in which many have sought to acquire and hold them, it remains for me now to discourse generally on the offense and defense befitting each of those named.

第十二章 Book 12 第十二章军队的类型及雇佣兵在该书开端处我提出要对君主国的性质做一论述，现在业已以详尽的笔触阐述完了，而且还从某些方面讲到了导致了君主国兴衰的原因，并展示了许多君主夺取王权和巩固江山所采取的手段，现在剩下来该做的就是概括地论述以上提及的君主国攻伐和防御的事务了。

Simultaneously with the emergence of the continental drift hypothesis, Li Siguang actively approached and dealt with the problem of continental crust horizontal movement and, in combination with the reality of China's mainland, developed the theory of intracontinental collision deformation, i.e., the geomechanic theory and method that included the global continental tectonic system.

中文摘要：本文简要地介绍了魏格纳大陆漂移说的主要内容及其提出的依据；论述了在大陆漂移说的基础上，由于海洋地质地球物理调查发现了大洋中脊、洋底扩张，解释了大陆张裂的机制，并建立了全球板块构造理论，形成现代地学思想的革命；李四光在大陆漂移说提出的同时已在积极地探讨和论述大陆地壳水平运动问题，并结合中国大陆实际，发展了陆内碰撞变形理论，即包括全球大陆构造体系在内的地质力学理论和方法。

Moreover,through the review of relevant literature on CIT,we find that there are still some aspects left uncovered or seldom covered. These aspects are as follows:(1)for the issue of the role of metonymy in conceptual integration,and the aspects of the role of metonymy in satisfying optimality principle;(2)the applications of metonymy in English and Chinese idiomatic expressions,especially in the two special kinds of Chinese idioms—set phrases and wisecracks.

通过对相关文献的回顾，我们发现还有一些方面论述较少或没有论述到，这些方面如下：(1)关于转喻在概念整合中的作用，以及转喻在满足概念整合的优化原则中的作用；(2)转喻在英语和汉语熟语中的应用，尤其是汉语熟语中所特有的两种形式，即成语和歇后语等转喻性和隐喻性表达在概念整合网络中的在线意义构建和幕后认知。

I imagined a fat volume telling me the history of the armrest fabric, which part of the chair qualified as the theatre district, an essay on the best osteopathic angles of incline, a list of all the seat's previous famous incumbents and the ups and downs of their subsequent careers, and a treatise on the meaning of stains such as the psychoanalytic one devised by that fellow to gauge our responses to ink blots.

我想象有一本厚厚的册子，讲述扶手材料的历史--那是座椅的"剧院区"，一篇短文介绍座椅倾斜到什么角度对人体最有利，一张罗列有哪些名人坐过某张座椅的名单，以及他们后来的人生浮沉，还有论述污渍含义的文章，就像有一位家伙论述我们对墨渍的反应的心理分析文章。

I imagined a fat volume telling me the history of the armrest fabric, which part of the chair qualified as the theatre district, an essay on the best osteopathic angles of incline, a list of all the seats previous famous incumbents and the ups and downs of their subsequent careers, and a treatise on the meaning of stains such as the psychoanalytic one devised by that fellow to gauge our responses to ink blots.

我想象有一本厚厚的册子，讲述扶手材料的历史——那是座椅的"剧院区"，一篇短文介绍座椅倾斜到什么角度对人体最有利，一张罗列有哪些名人坐过某张座椅的名单，以及他们后来的人生浮沉，还有论述污渍含义的文章，就像有一位家伙论述我们对墨渍的反应的心理分析文章。

This paper is a research on receiving technology of Set Top Box of cable digital television conformed to MPEG-2 and DVB-C. In this paper, firstly, the structure of hardware platform and the function of hardware parts are discoursed; Secondly, the software system is studied from the point of view of software levels and software modules, and the function of every software level and every software module is also discussed detailedly.

本文对符合MPEG-2和DVB-C标准的数字电视机顶盒进行了研究，对硬件系统的组成以及各个部分实现的功能进行了论述，从软件层次和软件模块的角度对数字电视机顶盒的软件系统进行了分析，并对每个软件层的功能以及每个模块将要实现的功能进行了详细的论述。

Aiqing"s compassion and devotion for the peasants" fate and hardness are explored from the aspects of his innate " complex for peasants", country background and his experience of the city. It is a climax of his creation. The second chapter: From Yanan to Beijing. The self-division of the inner world that is caused by the outer conflicts between the unique complex sense with the expressive way and the main opinions, and the confusion for the sticking the uniqueness are discussed.

第一章：行吟者的歌，从他与生俱来的"农人情结"和故土背景与他对都市的感受中，去论述艾青对民族命运及苦难的悲悯与献祭情怀，这一时期也是艾青创作的第一个高峰期；第二章：从延安到北京，主要论述这种独特的复杂感受和表达方式与主流意识形态的外在矛盾而导致诗人内心世界的自我分裂，也是艾青坚守个人独特性的困惑。

The split between the two groups can hardly be papered over.

这两个团体间的分歧难以掩饰。

This approach not only encourages a greater number of responses, but minimizes the likelihood of stale groupthink.

这种做法不仅鼓励了更多的反应，而且减少跟风的可能性。