论争的

In order to complete our argument for a duty of beneficence in general, in the second chapter we have to engage in the debate about the moral status of beneficiary acts.

为了完成对一项一般而言的慈惠的义务的论证，在第二章中我们必须处理有关慈惠的行为之道德品类的论争。

Since the 1930s, semantic analysis has been an approach of great methodological significance for the transmission and development of scientific philosophy, serving as a platform for debate, reference and mutual influence in relation to scientific realism and antirealism.

自20世纪30年代以来，语义分析方法就在科学哲学的传承与发展中具有重要的方法论意义，同时它也为科学实在论与反实在论的论争、借鉴与渗透，提供了对话的平台。

"Modern Times" was founded by Shi Zhecun, chief editor of the literature periodical, it got its historical meaning as the position of literary free contestation and the literature of modern school.

《现代》杂志是1930年代施蛰存主编的文学期刊，它因作为&文艺自由论争&和《现代》派(即传统意义上的新感觉派和现代诗派)文学的阵地而获得历史上的意义。

In other words, traditional morality is grounded on the transcendental presupposition. However, this view is facing many challenges. Foundationless morality, proposed by the best-known neo-pragmatist Richard Rorty, is among the piercing challenges which criticize the essentialism and foundationalism underlying the traditional view. In addition, Rorty's view of morality without foundations provokes many debates. This article aims at discussing the related debates on Rorty's moral view, which will be illuminating to moral education.

然而，当代道德理论与启蒙理想遭到许多严厉质疑，例如：美国新实用主义哲学家Richard Rorty抨击西方思想传统与道德传统中的本质主义与基础主义，Rorty思想在当代学界也引起激烈探讨，故本文试图厘清Rorty的无基础道德观之内涵，及其相关争议，最后说明Rorty观点与相关论争对於德育的启示，本文认为，Rorty的道德观点可称为「最低限度道德观」：以爱与正义作为主轴之具有实践性与教育性之道德观点。

Despite the fact that Gandhiji was such a moral person, he was certainly not above using very instrumentally convenient arguments for pursuing a good cause.

虽然甘地是如此的道德人物，但是，在使用这种非常方便的工具式的论争，来寻求好的解释时，他当然没有什么高明之处。

Despite the fact that Gandhiji was such a moral person, he was certainly not above using very instrumentally convenient arguments for pursuing a good cause.

原译：虽然甘地是如此的道德人物，但是，在使用这种非常方便的工具式的论争，来寻求好的解释时，他当然没有什么高明之处。

Despitethe fact that Gandhiji was such a moral person, he was certainly notabove using very instrumentally convenient arguments for pursuing agood cause.

原译：虽然甘地是如此的道德人物，但是，在使用这种非常方便的工具式的论争，来寻求好的解释时，他当然没有什么高明之处。

Accounting for the positive way, this comment introduces Posner's cost─benefit approach to the First Amendment and recommends Rubenfeld's purposivism jurisprudence on the First Amendment and his arguments with Posner.

对於实证的方法，本文介绍了波斯纳对言论自由的成本──利益路径，并概述了鲁宾菲尔德的目的主义之言论自由法及其同波斯纳之间的论争。

Accounting for the positive way, this comment introduces Posner's cost─benefit approach to the First Amendment and recommends Rubenfeld's purposivism jurisprudence on the First Amendment and his arguments with Posner.

对于实证的方法，本文介绍了波斯纳对言论自由的成本──利益路径，并概述了鲁宾菲尔德的目的主义之言论自由法及其同波斯纳之间的论争。

The deviants and disagreements are not the indications of its recession any more.Because the postmodern theory opponents are quite aware that the new theory can prove its vigor and vitality only if it encounters more problems and difficulties.

它并不把异己的反对和论争看作&无望和衰退&的迹象，因为它知道：只有与更多的问题和难题相遇之后，才能向世人证明自身的活力与生命力。

The concept of equivalent rotationally rigidity is offered and the formula of rotationally rigidity is obtained.

主要做了如下几个方面的工作：对伸臂位于顶部的单层框架—筒体模型进行分析，提出了等效转动约束的概念和转动约束刚度的表达式。

Male cats normally do not need aftercare with the exception of the night after the anesthetic.

男猫通常不需要善后除了晚上的麻醉。