记载历史

He explored the social function of China's Historical Geography;brought forward the research method of combining literature record with field survey;developed the evolution of geography;set up a monument in the research of environmental changes in the Huanghe Valley;opened up a new field in the research of historical agricultural geogra-phy;unveiled the internal structure of form and evolvement densely-populated areas;settled a base in the research of histo-rical military geography;heightened the research level on the historical cultural geogranhy;made original study on the historical national geography;made systematic study on the issues of transportation in history;made fruitful achievement in the Shaanxi Historical Geography;set up the subject engaged in China's ancient capitals;illustrated the value of chorography;enriched the historical cartology;originated magazines on Chin's Historical Geography;trained a team of research staff in Historical Geography.

他对中国历史地理学史进行了深入研究；发掘了中国历史地理学的社会功能；提出了文献记载与实地考察相结合的研究方法；促进了沿革地理学的发展；树立了黄河流域环境变迁研究的丰碑；开辟了历史农业地理研究的新领域；揭示了人口稠密地区形成和演变的内在机制；奠定了历史军事地理研究的基础；提高了历史文化地理研究的层次；对历史民族地理进行了独到的研究；对历史上的交通问题进行了系统探索；对陕西历史地理的研究取得了丰硕的成果；创立了中国古都学；阐明了地方志的价值；丰富了历史地图学的内容；创办了中国历史地理学的定期刊物；培养了历史地理学的研究队伍。

Apart from the tests of truth afforded by the minute knowledge of primitive modes of life and their classification as more or less archaic, nothing could be more delusive than written history itself.

除了检验由详细了解原始的诸生活模式及其古老程度不等的分类而提供的真相，没有什么能比有记载历史自身更使人迷惑了。

It occurred about 1420 BC, since records exist of "Habiru" invasions of Canaan forty years later - this theory fits well the modern idea that the historical persona of Moses was the early 15th century BC Crown Prince of Egypt called Ramose, who also disappeared from Egyptian records around the time of Queen Hatshepsut's death

由于历史上是记载着四十年以后是存在过迦南人对"哈比鲁"人的入侵，因此它是大约发生在公元前1420年——这种理论迎合现在那种认为摩西是公元前十五世纪早期的埃及王储拉蒙斯的想法，也大约在女法老哈特谢普苏特去世的时候从埃及的历史记载中消失了。

Yet they leave no sort of trace in the archaeological records unless they are captured by a on changes in the material dictaphone or written down by a clerk.

这些记录自有其独特和不足之处，因而导致人们对考古历史和更熟悉的文字记载历史进行相 comparative methods， aided by 当肤浅的对比。

In the second part, the facts in Annam in the 10th Century are described. Searching the influence of Chinese culture from "ZhengShi", the author says: In this time, the history writing of Annam was rare, it was not matched with the position of that time, which was the start of national independence of Vietnam.

第二章是对十世纪安南所发生的历史真实的概述，从正史记载中找寻汉文化的影响力，并通过史源学方式论述这些正史记载本身的特征；认为这一时期安南的信史所反映的信息不够丰富，与其所代表的历史转折点的地位不匹配，指出这是因为安南地方的史学尚未建立的缘故。

It occurred about 1420 BC, since records exist of "Habiru" invasions of Canaan forty years later - this theory fits well the modern idea that the historical persona of Moses was the early 15th century BC Crown Prince of Egypt called Ramose, who also disappeared from Egyptian records around the time of Queen Hatshepsut's death

由于历史上是记载着四十年以后是存在过迦南人对&哈比鲁&人的入侵，因此它是大约发生在公元前1420年——这种理论迎合现在那种认为摩西是公元前十五世纪早期的埃及王储拉蒙斯的想法，也大约在女法老哈特谢普苏特去世的时候从埃及的历史记载中消失了。

Not all human behavior fossilizes. The words I utter and you hear as vibrations in the air are certainly human changes in the material world and may be of GRE at historical significance.

这些记录自有其独特和不足之处，因而导致人们对考古历史和更熟悉的文字记载历史进行相当肤浅的对比。

Not all human behavior fossilizes. The words I utter and you hear as vibrations in the air are certainly human changes in the material world and may be of great historical significance.

这些记录自有其独特和不足之处，因而导致人们对考古历史和更熟悉的文字记载历史进行相当肤浅的对比。

If historical records are more trivial, the development of historical figures and insignificant things, such as history records no value.

如果历史记载的都是些鸡毛蒜皮、对历史的发展无足轻重的人物和事，记载这样的历史就没有什么价值了。

Chapter 3 the Persian war, chapter 4 the Vandal war, chapter 5 the Gothic war are all about the same issue "Wars and Peace."By analyzing every war's cause, process, I then make a conclusion of Procopius'conception of history. Chapter 6 "Natural Calamity and Human Disaster"analyzes and discusses the Plague of Constantinople in 542-543 and "Nika riot"in 532. In chapter 7 "Legend, Customs and Natural Phenomena", besides a scrutiny of Procopius'history criticism, I examine and sum up three kinds of digressions in this work. The last chapter "Military and Religion"inquires into the military organization , armies of the services, equipments, strategy and tactics, weapons of Byzantine empire. This chapter also probes into the attitude of Procopius on Christian, heresies and paganism; The epilogue is a conclusion of this dissertation, making a systematic exposition on Procopius'conception of history.

对这三大战争的研究，笔者采用述论相结合的方法，首先分析各大战争爆发的原因，然后详细分析战争的过程，纠正普罗柯比的正误、讳言之处，通过与其他史料的相互对比还原历史真相，总结经验教训，最后，在每章的总结部分论述战争的结果及其对交战双方的影响，通过对具体内容的分析归纳总结普罗柯比的历史观；第六章&天灾与人祸&主要对《战记》中记载的542-543 年君士坦丁堡大瘟疫和532 年尼卡暴乱加以分析论述，通过普罗柯比与其他史家记载的对比探寻查士丁尼大瘟疫的起源、传播路径、症状、传染介质、死亡人数、政府对策及其影响等问题，通过对尼卡暴乱目击者记录的分析揭示尼卡暴乱爆发的原因、真实过程，对尼卡暴乱作出公允的评价；在第七章&神话传说、民族风俗和自然现象&中，通过普罗柯比对这三类插话描写的总结和评论，分析他的历史批判法；在最后一章&军事与宗教&中，剥开《战记》的表层内容，对其中蕴含的较深层次的思想内容进行研究，如拜占廷帝国的军队组织、兵种、装备、战略战术、军事武器等内容的探讨，同时也就普罗柯比对基督教和异教、异端的态度加以分析论述；最后的结语部分主要是作全文的总结，阐述普罗柯比的历史观。

The split between the two groups can hardly be papered over.

这两个团体间的分歧难以掩饰。

This approach not only encourages a greater number of responses, but minimizes the likelihood of stale groupthink.

这种做法不仅鼓励了更多的反应，而且减少跟风的可能性。