议题

During the postgenomics era the information about genomic sequence and gene functions provides a new foundation for evolutionary biology and ecology As the first whole-genome sequenced plant Arabidopsis thaliana and its wild relatives have played a critical role in understanding the evolution of genomics and speciation Both A halleri and A lyrata are closely related to the model species A thaliana A halleri ssp gemmifera occurs in northeastern China Japan and Taiwan; while its sister A halleri ssp halleri is mainly distributed in Europe Geographical barriers such as Tienshan Mountain Range isolate these intraspecific sisters Likewise A lyrata ssp kamchatica and ssp lyrata occur in East Asia and North America respectively Such distribution patterns seem to be consistent with allopartic speciation The comparison between ancestral and extant polymorphism by multilocus can be informative about the population genetics of speciation In this study we collected and analyzed DNA sequences of 98 genes from four wild relatives of A thaliana A halleri ssp gemmifera A halleri ssp halleri A lyrata ssp kamchatica and A lyrata ssp lyrata The ancestral states of these four species were compared to each other in terms of level of genetic variation However the ancestral species at the time of speciation were substantially more polymorphic than the extant geographical populations The observations are not fully compatible with speciation by strict allopatry At some species pairs parapatric speciation seems more reasonable in speciation of Arabidopsis The 98 gene sequences are also used for the congruence test between gene genealogy and species phylogeny Only 28 genes support the species phylogeny but there are 23 genes supports another major genealogy { lyrata} thaliana Based on the phylogenetic position change of A lyrata ssp kamchatica and Ks value for each species pair suggested the recent directional gene flow between A halleri ssp gemmifera and A lyrata ssp kamchatica

阿拉伯芥是第一个完成基因体定序的开花植物，其基因体资讯提供植物学研究的重要依据；在解析阿拉伯芥属物种的亲缘关系以及种化机制等重要的演化议题时，阿拉伯芥近缘的野生物种自然成了不可或缺的关键；跟阿拉伯芥近缘的物种包括A halleri及A lyrata，其中A halleri ssp gemmifera主要分布於中国东北、日本以及台湾，与近缘的A halleri ssp halleri其分布於欧洲隔著天山及大陆的障蔽，而A lyrata ssp kamchatica主要分布於东北亚及台湾，与分布於北美五大湖的A lyrata ssp lyrata被北极圈所分隔，这样的分布模式暗示异域种化的可能。藉由多基因分析比较祖先物种与现生物种遗传歧异度的相关可提供讯息探讨种化时期的族群遗传结构，本研究针对A halleri ssp gemmifera、A halleri ssp halleri及A lyrata ssp kamchatica、A lyrata ssp lyrata四个物种，两对互为亚种的姊妹群，以阿拉伯芥为外群进行研究，在四个物种完成98个同源基因的分子序列，利用套装软体MCMCcoal来估算祖先物种的遗传变异，亦估算现生物种的核苷酸歧异度，观察到？多物种配对中祖先物种遗传多型性大於现生物种DNA歧异度，显示异域种化模型并无法完全解释阿拉伯芥属物种的种化模式，在某些物种配对间邻域种化模式应比异域种化更为可能；在基因树与物种树的比较，98个基因片段的亲缘模式只有28个是与已知物种树一致的，有23个基因其树状图支持{ lyrata} thaliana的型式，藉由kamchatica位置的变化以及估算各物种配对间的平均同义置换率，推测在A halleri ssp gemmifera与A lyrata ssp kamchatica间具有近代的单方向基因交流。

More ambitiously, it supports the conclusion that Xunzi's ideas about people's xing changed over time.

通过此分析可看出，人性本恶的说法并非《性恶篇》的中心议题。

His vivid presentation and a lot of pictures showed the amazing shrink of glaciers of Andes over recent years.

我对他的议题很感兴趣：秘鲁和玻利维亚的冰川融化以及对水供给的影响。

After all, Mr Bush resisted similar pressure from his friend Mr Blair ahead of the G8 summit in 2005, which also addressed global warming but resulted in only an anodyne statement.

早在2005年的八国峰会之前，布什就已顶住了来自其盟友布莱尔的相类似的压力。那次峰会的议题同样也是应对全球变暖问题，然而会议最终仅达成了一个无关紧要的协议。

"Antipolitics" in 1982. The book has many ideas that elaborated by others.Ideas such as "politics of anti-politics","power of the powerless"

匈牙利作家康诺德1982年写过一本书叫做《反政治》，其中包含了许多被后来的人们追踪的议题。

Through the ration, the thesis analyzes their main topics and research methodology. Besides, from the point of view of culture research, the thesis elaborates the deep-seated reasons of women's aphemia in m

在历史回顾和现实研究分析的基础上，作者于"中国期刊网全文数据库"中选取1994年以来关于媒介与女性的相关研究文章116篇为分析文本，运用定量与定性相结合的方法，借用有说服力的数据，归纳和总结其主要议题及主要研究方法。

Through the ration, the thesis analyzes their main topics and research methodology. Besides, from the point of view of culture research, the thesis elaborates the deep-seated reasons of women's aphemia in media, pointing out dilemma as a harassment which is between the subversion and the construction for feminists of China today.Key words: Feminism, Journalism and Communication research, China

在历史回顾和现实研究分析的基础上，作者于"中国期刊网全文数据库"中选取1994年以来关于媒介与女性的相关研究文章116篇为分析文本，运用定量与定性相结合的方法，借用有说服力的数据，归纳和work总结其主要议题及主要研究方法。

Through the ration, the thesis analyzes their main topics and research methodology. Besides, from the point of v ie w of culture research, the thesis elaborates the deep-seated reasons of women's aphemia in media, pointing out dilemma as a harassment which is between the subversion and the construction for feminists of China today.Key word s: Feminism, Journalism and Communication research, China

在历史回顾和现实研究分析的基础上，作者于"中国期刊网全文数据库"中选取1994年以来关于媒介与女性的相关研究文章116篇为分析文本，运用定量与定性相结合的方法，借用有说服力的数据，归纳和总结其主要议题及主要研究方法。

Through the ration, the thesis analyzes their main topics and research methodology. Besides, from the point of v ie w of culture research, the thesis elaborates the deep-seated reasons of women's aphemia in media, pointing out dilemma as a harassment which is between the subversion and the construction for feminists of China today.

在历史(教学案例，试卷，课件，教案)回顾和现实研究分析的基础上，作者于"中国期刊网全文数据库"中选取1994年以来关于媒介与女性的相关研究文章116篇为分析文本，运用定量与定性相结合的方法，借用有说服力的数据，归纳和总结其主要议题及主要研究方法。

In this article, I will be discussing the topic of API hooking.

在这篇文章中，我将讨论的议题挂钩的API。

Singer Leona Lewis and former Led Zeppelin guitarist Jimmy Page emerged as the bus transformed into a grass-covered carnival float, and the pair combined for a rendition of "Whole Lotta Love".

歌手leona刘易斯和前率领的飞艇的吉他手吉米页出现巴士转化为基层所涵盖的嘉年华花车，和一双合并为一移交&整个lotta爱&。

This is Kate, and that's Erin.

这是凯特，那个是爱朗。