议论的

But when the separation of East and West became wider, and the Latin-speaking Western Empire began to live with an intellectual life of its own, its deference to the East was all at once exchanged for the agitation of a number of questions entirely foreign to Eastern speculation.

但是，当东方和西方的分离一天天地扩大，操拉丁语的西罗马帝国开始生活在其自己的精神生活中时，它对东方的谦逊突然为东方理论所完全不熟悉的许多问题的议论所代替。

The Enlightenment trend made three inclinations come into being, such as the empiricism, the rationalism and the ethic of sensibility. Because of the three inclinations, the Enlightenment trend had three types of modes. In England where the empiricism prevailed, the narrative literature which emphasizes realism came into being. In France where the rationalism prevailed, the argumental literature which emphasizes thinking came into being. And in the influence of the ethic of sensibility, different kinds of lyric literature came into being.

启蒙主义包括经验主义、理性主义和情感伦理这三个方向，它影响启蒙主义文学形成了三种基本的书写模式：在经验主义盛行的英国，产生了重写实的叙事型文学；在理性主义盛行的法国，产生了重思考的议论型文学；而在情感伦理的影响下，则产生了不同形式的抒情型文学。

Between poets, Rheinhold Cacoethes, in his bow tie and shabby old coat, would get up and make a little funny speech in his snide funny voice and introduce the next reader; but as I say come eleven-thirty when all the poems were read and everybody was milling around wondering what had happened and what would come next in American poetry, he was wiping his eyes with his handkerchief.

在诗人们朗诵的间隙，卡索埃特会穿着那件破破烂烂的西装戴着蝴蝶领结走上台，用他刻薄搞笑的腔调说一小段搞笑的话来介绍下一位朗诵者；就像我提到过的那样，十一点半所有的诗朗诵完毕后在场的听众都交头接耳议论着刚才的一切以及美国诗歌将往何处去，此时卡索埃特则激动得用手帕抹泪。

The merely argumentative and justificatory statements embodied in definitive judgments, however true and authoritative they may be, are not covered by the guarantee of infallibility which attaches to the strictly definitive sentences -- unless, indeed, their infallibility has been previously or subsequently established by an independent decision.

单纯议论和justificatory报表体现在明确的判断，但是真正的和权威性的，他们可能会，不包括保证infallibility其中的重视，严格明确的刑罚-除非，事实上，他们的i nfallibility先前已或其后设立的一独立的决定。

Public attitudes about fat have never been more judgmental; stigmatizing fat people has become not just acceptable but, in some circles, de rigueur. I've sat in meetings with colleagues who wouldn't dream of disparaging anyone's color, sex, economic status or general attractiveness, yet feel free to comment witheringly on a person's weight.

公众对肥胖从不过多评判、污辱的态度渐渐变成不仅仅是承受，而且在我参加会议的某种场合，我的同事们做梦都不会轻视人种的肤色、性、经济条件或正常意义上的吸引力，但却会毫不隐讳地对某个人的体重发表令人难堪的议论。

But to speak about a brother is forbidden, even under the cloak of help and goodwill; for it is precisely in this guise that the spirit of hatred among brothers creeps in when it is seeking to create mischief.

但是议论另一位弟兄是不可以的，即使是为了当事人的好处也是不可以的；因为就是在这样的理由下，弟兄间的仇恨得以偷偷的进来，并产生不愉快的事。

Ask yourselves how this gracious reception of our petition comports with those warlike preparations which cover our waters and darken our land. Are fleets and armies necessary to a work of love and reconciliation? Have we shown ourselves so unwilling to be reconciled that force must be called in to win back our love?

其概念具微到我们的议论本身，那就是辩论的自由，只有这样我们才能达到真理、履行我们为上帝和国家所承担的责任；如果，在这个时候，我因为害怕受到攻击而讳言，那就是背叛国家，背叛我所崇敬的建立超越世俗君王的庄严国土的信念。

For expert men can execute,and perhaps judge of particulars,one by one;but the general counsels,and the plots and marshaling of affairs,come best from those that are learned.

因为富于经验的人善于实行，也许能够对个别的事情一件一件地加以判断；但是最好的有关大体的议论和对事物的计划与布置，乃是从有学问的人来的。

The emperor, now king of the petty Island of Elba, after having held sovereign sway over one-half of the world, counting as his subjects a small population of five or six thousand souls,--after having been accustomed to hear the "Vive Napoleons" of a hundred and twenty millions of human beings, uttered in ten different languages,--was looked upon here as a ruined man, separated forever from any fresh connection with France or claim to her throne.

那些文官们滔滔不绝地讨论着他们的政治观点；武官们则在谈论莫斯科和来比锡战役，女人们则正在议论着约瑟芬皇后离婚的事。这一群保皇党人不但在庆祝一个人的垮台，而且还在庆祝一种主义的灭亡，他们相信政治上的繁荣已重新在他们眼前展现开来，他们已从痛苦的恶梦中醒来了。

It was an argument that I once used when comparing our old lab to another computer lab of Apple Macintoshes.

曾经听到这样的议论，认为学生如果学习Linux，那么将来他所面对的会是另一个世界——即由微软操作系统和办公软件主导的世界，我将自己实验室与其他实验室的Macintoshe系统比较的时候也有这样的争论，当我重新评估开放软件时我发现这样的想法是片面的。

I will endeavour to find you some assistance.

我尽力帮你找人帮忙。

At first I only know bruck is the idol of American younglings, afterwards I returned back to Taiwan ,even in Beijing last year ,I saw her poster everywhere, I was so surprised at her charm.

起初我只晓得布鲁克雷德丝是美国少男少女崇拜的偶像，后来回台湾，甚至去年在北京，居然也四处看见她的海报，才惊讶她的魅力之大。