讨论

Study is made of Bayes estimation of the error rate proportionality parameter θ in the JM model for testing software reliability,leading to the a priori,a posteriori distribution of θ and the coresponding Bayes estimates on the Bayes assumption,Jeffrey s principle and conjugate dis- tribution,together with their comparison and discussion.

讨论了软件可靠性模型——JM 模型中故障率比例参数θ的 Bayes 估计问题，分别求出了在贝叶斯假设、杰弗莱原则和共轭分布原则下参数θ的先验分布、后验分布及相应的 Bayes 估计，并对它们进行了比较和讨论。

Focused on the task of operating system management and scheduling problem is a different system to do a different discussion.

详细说明：主要讨论了操作系统中的任务的管理和调度的问题，正对不同的系统做了不同讨论。

In chapter three,we have derived a generalized dual London equation for the Abelian "electric" field A_μfrom the effective dual Abelian-Higgs model.The approximative result and the numerical simulation result as well as their figs were shown via solving the dual Abelian-Higgs model with different methods.Hereby the vortex solution of the chromo-electric field and the vortex energy density were also discussed.Finally,we have studied the dual Abelian-Higgs model with additional vacuum constant,and have unpuzzled the vacuum constant corresponding to the bag model.When the quark sources is introduced, the vacuum constant in the MIT bag model is proportional to the quartic of the monopole mass.

利用不同方法求解该方程，给出了该方程的近似结果和数值模拟结果，并分别对两种情形画出图像作了比较，据此还讨论了色电场的涡旋解及能量密度，最后讨论了含有附加真空常数的对偶阿贝尔-黑格斯模型并对应口袋模型给出了附加真空常数的物理解释，引入夸克源之后还预言麻省口袋模型中的真空常数正比于单极质量的四次方。

First, we discuss several theories of risk measures respectively such as theories ofcoherent measures of risk, spectral measures of risk and distortion measures of risk.Within the framework of these theories, we discuss and compare standard deviation,mean absolute deviation, lower partial moment, Ginis difference, VaR, CVaR and soon. We conclude that CVaR is superior to other measures with respect to theoreticalproperties.

首先，本文分别讨论了一致风险测度理论、谱风险测度理论、失真风险测度理论和随机占优一致风险测度理论等风险度量评价理论，在这些理论框架内讨论和比较了标准差、平均绝对离差、下偏位矩、基尼均差、VaR以及CVaR等风险度量。

In chapter 4 by means of the decomposition technique of Bojanic and Cheng together with some analysis methods we study rates of convergence of sequence of integral Baskakov operators for a class absolutely continuous functions.

第四章主要讨论了积分型Baskakov算子对绝对连续函数的逼近阶估计。在这章中主要利用经典的Bojanic-Cheng分解方法，结合分析技术，讨论了积分型Baskakov算子对绝对连续函数的点态收敛阶。

Finally, it is our most important chapter which discus the two-level systems which interacted with the Shaping-pulse dynamic progress of the absorption, dispersion and refractive index.

在后面几部分的讨论中就会发现，采用布洛赫矢量方法讨论激光脉冲同系统的相互作用，可以形象直观的从理论上观测到色散和吸收或辐射的动态演化过程，既有利于教学演示，又有助于帮助实验寻求更方便的激光整形方式。

Methods The ontology basis of western and Chinese medicine were discussed from the aspect of ontology in the western philosophy,"manifestation" and "implication" of syndromes were studied from eastern philosophy,the surface structure and deep structure of syndromes were analyzed from linguistics,the "question of fact" and "question of normalization" considered in the thinking were expounded from noetic science,and the sequence and non-sequence constituted in the "cluster of symptoms and signs" of syndromes were explored from mathematics.

方法从西方哲学本体论的角度分别讨论中西医学的本体论基础，从东方哲学讨论证候的&象&与&意&；从语言学的角度分析证候的表层结构与深层结构；从思维学的角度论述思维所考虑的&事实问题&与&规范问题&；从数学的角度讨论构成证候的症状体征串的有序与无序。

I always thought she was a common-sense person who discussed things the way they ought to be discussed.

我一向认为好是个明达的人，讨论问题总是该怎样讨论就怎样讨论。

This paper summarizes the research job of predecessors, full text is divided in four part:The first part introduces the develop history and present conditions of MCRE;In the second part, the concept of average Markov process is introduced. Moreover we investigate the relations for Markov processes, martingales, stationary processes and average Markov process systematically.The third part summarizes the model that constructs the MCRE by p-m chains and skew product Markov chains by p-m chains, also we discuss the relations among the basic gunctions of the probability character for MCREIn the fourth part, we discuss the dimension of GW-tree and the canonical branching chain in random environment, furthermore we summarize the exact formulas of mathematical expectation and variance of branching chain in random environment.

本文主要是综述这方面前人工作，全文分成四个部分：第一部分介绍了MCRE的发展历史和研究现状；第二部分研究了马氏过程、鞅和平稳过程这三类经典的随机过程的相互关系，包括他们之间的包含和排斥关系，引入了&均马氏过程&的概念，研究了它与三类经典过程—马氏过程、鞅及平稳过程的关系；第三部分综述了用p-m链构造的构造的随机环境中的马氏链和绕积马氏链，讨论了与之相关的概率特性函数的性质；第四部分讨论了GW树的维数，并综述了随机环境中的典范的分枝链，讨论了随机环境中的分枝链的数学期望和方差的计算公式。

The reason is there should be a special thesis form for the Chinese Literature Department, there is fundamental difference in the thesis for Dianoia and general knowledge. Knowledge is possibly and nearly complete objective, but the Dianoia must be with certain degree subjective. For example, if we want to discuss Confucianism, we must admit that there is existence of 'Jen' in human's mind, otherwise any interpretation will be in vain. We must admit in advance that 'the God' is absolute existence and then the discussion of Christianity philosophy could be proceeds.

那个理由就是，中文系的论文应该有自己的样子，传递思想与传递知识的论文有根本上的不同，知识可以做到几乎完全的客观，但思想却必然带有一定程度的主观，比如我们要讨论儒家思想的话，就得先认同人的心中有「仁」的存在，不然什麼都没办法说，又或著讨论基督教的思想时，也得先认同「神」是绝对的存在才能有后来的讨论。

Neither the killing of Mr Zarqawi nor any breakthrough on the political front will stop the insurgency and the fratricidal murders in their tracks.

在对危险的南部地区访问时，他斥责什叶派民兵领导人对中央集权的挑衅行为。

In fact,I've got him on the satellite mobile right now.

实际上 我们已接通卫星可视电话了