讨论

When we talk about visual patterns we consider only spatial dimensions, disregarding the dimension of time.

当我们讨论到视觉的模式，我们所考虑到的只有空间的范围，而不讨论时间。

Subsequently, clustering analysis in data mining is disserted, involving the methods and characteristics of clustering used in data mining and the methods for evaluating the clustering results, with emphasis on clustering the data with categorical attributes.

在此基础上对数挖掘中的聚类分析作以详细地论述，总结了数挖掘中聚类分析的方法和特点，并对聚类结果的评价方法进行了讨论，重点讨论了分类属性数据聚类，具体研究了k-modes 算法及其变形，并指出了它们的优缺点。

In addition, the ichnogenus Talpina Hagenow, 1840 is discussed, especially with regard to the often difficult differentiation of ichnospecies, and its diagnosis is emended.

此外，文中还讨论了遗迹化石属TalpinaHagenow，1840，尤其讨论了有关遗迹种颇为复杂的鉴别问题，同时校正了该遗迹属的属征。

ChapterⅠintroduces the intention, significance and methods of the research from the angle of Chinese historical phonetics. Following the course of re-examining materials, ChapterⅡsurveys the pattern of rhyme, excerpting the metrical feet, ChapterⅢconnects the rhyme categories, the rhyme of different systems contacting with each other, and literary reading and colloquial reading. ChapterⅣcompares the rhyme cateories of traditional Hua-gu opera in Changsha with traditional rhyme tablesd, as well as those of traditional Hua-gu opera in Shaoyang. The total study is conducted to become united with dialect. ChapterⅤcontains the surplus discussion with three theories: the rhyming quality, the connection between rhyme categories and oral speech, between those of literary readings in traditional Hua-gu opera.

本文正文分为五章：第一章从音韵学角度，讨论了花鼓戏用韵研究的背景、意义以及研究方法；接着谨遵韵脚字系联法的步骤，第二章侧重材料分析，包括甄别材料、审度韵例、摘录韵字，第三章侧重韵部系统，包括归纳韵部、异部相押以及文白异读的情况；第四章对传统剧目的韵部系统进行了纵横(与邵阳传统花鼓戏韵部系统的比较)两条线的考察，结合方言是纵横考察过程中的重要环节；第五章是余论部分，主要讨论了三个理论性问题：长沙传统花鼓戏押韵的性质、韵部与实际语音的关系以及与长沙读书音的关系。

As part of the study of social administration of Nanjing in the Republic of China, the thesis consists of 7 chapters: Chapter one explains the basic concepts of social administration and the development of modernization of Nanjing before 1927. It stresses the importance of social administration in city development through the depiction of social characteristics and problems of Nanjing. Chapter 2 introduced the theory of social administration of the Republic of China, under which the municipal institutions are structured. It focuses on the social theory of Sun Yat-sen and correlative comments of Jiang Kai-shi, which reflect the theoretic level and subjective intention of social reform of the Republic of China. Chapter 3 discusses the local autonomy of Nanjing of the Republic of China. The origin of democratic local autonomy theory and its influence over social administration are expatriated. The advantages and disadvantages of local autonomy are analyzed in detail. Chapter 4 focuses its discussion upon social rescue work, an important part of social administration, with general description of social rescue work in Nanjing and concludes the characteristics of social rescue work in the transition from the traditional to the modern society. Focusing on the prominent problem of the large flows and inflation of population of Nanjing, chapter 5 discusses the population and population management of Nanjing and outlines the population situation through analysis of the population problem, management methods and the current situation. Chapter 6 describes the unprecedentedly active citizen organizations and parties. The transform and changes of these organizations occurring under the new circumstances and their functions in social administration are analyzed to reveal the interactive function between government and social organizations in social administration. Chapter 7, the epilogue, makes theoretic evaluation of the characteristics of social administration and its revelation to the current society of Nanjing, hoping this research serves as a reference to the current time.

本文是民国南京社会管理研究的一个部分，由七个章节组成：第一章介绍了社会管理的基本概念和1927年以前南京社会近代化的变迁过程，通过对南京社会特点和社会问题的描述，阐明了社会管理在城市发展中的重要作用；第二章介绍了民国社会管理思想的基本内容和在此指导下的南京市政府有关机构的设置，着重阐述了孙中山的社会管理思想和蒋介石的有关论述，反映了国民政府的社会管理的认识水平及其实行社会改造的主观意图；第三章专题讨论了民国南京地方自治，对具有近代民主意义的地方自治思想的由来及其社会管理意义进行了阐述，具体分析了南京推行地方自治的利弊得失；第四章将社会救济事业作为社会管理的一项重要内容进行了讨论，描述了南京社会救济事业的基本概况并对从传统向近代过渡社会救济事业的若干特点进行了总结；第五章针对南京城市人口的大量流动和急剧膨胀这一突出的社会问题，集中讨论了南京的人口与人口管理，通过对南京人口问题、管理手段以及人口状况的分析，展示了南京人口构成的基本面貌；第六章描述了南京空前活跃的市民组织和社会团体，着意反映这些社会组织在新的条件下的转型和变化，分析其在社会管理中所发挥的作用，企望由此揭示政府与社会组织在社会管理中的互动作用；第七章为结语，对南京社会管理的特点及其对现实的启示进行了理论评价，力求本研究更能具有现实借鉴意义。

Based on ETLA tool developed by the author, the thesis discussed fully the design and implementation of the heterogeneous data integration model and its workflow, explicating realization of metadata.

以自行开发的ETLA工具为基础，详细讨论了异构数据源集成模型的设计与实现及其工作流程，还讨论了异构数据源集成模型中元数据的实现。

This paper has focalized explosion suppression principle , and discussed possible effects on explosion suppression performances of expanded alloy , and stated possible bad effects on aircraft performances combined with explosion suppression design of wing integer fuel tank

本论文着重讨论了网状铝合金抑爆材料的抑爆机理，并分三个阶段讨论了可能影响抑爆性能的因素，同时结合某机型机翼整体燃油箱防爆设计，阐述抑爆材料装填后可能对飞机性能造成的不利影响。

AS: The new book is really concerned with the importance of the recognition that we have many different identities, and that violence is often cultivated and fomented in the world - political violence in particular - by denying all identities other than one, one belligerent identity.

AS ：这本新书，确实讨论的是认识到我们具有多种不同身份的重要性，确实讨论的是人们通过否认全部的身份，而只承认一种身份，一种好战身份，来培育和煽动冲突这样一个问题。

AS: The new book is reallyconcerned with the importance of the recognition that we have many differentidentities, and that violence is often cultivated and fomented in the world -political violence in particular - by denying all identities other than one,one belligerent identity.

AS ：这本新书，确实讨论的是认识到我们具有多种不同身份的重要性，确实讨论的是人们通过否认全部的身份，而只承认一种身份，一种好战身份，来培育和煽动冲突这样一个问题。

In this paper, besides a series of improprieties of the classical theory will be pointed out, two tapes of properly posed boundary value problems will be supposed and, based upon which, an exact mathematical model for electromagnetic field will be presented.

以说明按经典理论处理可能导致的不足或缺陷，按作者的处理则可以消除这些不足或缺陷。只有这样，才能实在地推进科学的进步，而不限于形而上的讨论。因为我们讨论的是物理学，而不是哲学。

The split between the two groups can hardly be papered over.

这两个团体间的分歧难以掩饰。

This approach not only encourages a greater number of responses, but minimizes the likelihood of stale groupthink.

这种做法不仅鼓励了更多的反应，而且减少跟风的可能性。