认识论

The concept of essence derived from Aristotle can be understood as both ideaistic essence and empirical one. But the notion of ideaistic essence has to face seemingly unsurmountable difficulty in epistemology. Furthermore, the idea of ideaistic essence of law is always related to dogmatism and absolutism, which impedes greatly the exploration of law in depth, but a denial of the concept of essence of law is also unadvisable.

摘要］：亚里士多德的本质概念一开始就显示出理念主义和经验主义本质观的区别，理念主义本质观在认识论上具有不可克服的缺陷，而理念主义的法本质观则很容易导致擅断论和绝对主义，从而妨碍了对法律认识的不断深入，但是对法的本质采取虚无主义的态度又是完全不可取的。

A theory of veritism intendsto enquire the truth of knowledge in social practice.

而以最大限度地探究知识在社会实践中的真理性为取向的真相论，正是这一传统认识论立场的承继性拓展。

The third chapter is the keystone of this article.It respectively annotates people's innovative ability from the angles of epistemology,practice view, historical materialism and methodology to demonstrate people's innovative ability under different philosophical angles and in different condition.

第三章是本文的重点，分别从认识论、实践观、唯物史观以及方法论的角度对人的创新能力进行了诠释，以展示人的创新能力在不同视野中的不同状态。

However, there are distinctive differences between their theories. Firstly, thing-in-itself is not only the source but also the boundary of the knowledge in Kant's philosophy, whereas Mou Tsung-san annuls its epistemological meaning and regards it as a value concept. Secondly, the free will in Kant's theory can be speculated but cannot be proved, and therefore it's just a postulate. However, Mou Tsung-san considers the free will as the free and infinite mind, that is, a kind of real presentation. Thirdly, Kant holds that intellectual intuition is the patent for God instead of human beings, while Mou Tsung-san holds that it is a potential of human beings.

他们的学说存在着明显的差异：物自身在康德哲学中既是认识的来源又是认识的界限，而牟宗三却化解了物自身概念的认识论意义，将其看作一个价值概念；自由意志在康德处可思议却不可证明，因而只是一设准，牟宗三将自由意志等同于自由无限心，认为它是一真实的呈现；智的直觉在康德处是上帝的专利，人无法拥有，而牟宗三则认为智的直觉是人的潜能；康德立足于西方传统认为人是有限的，牟宗三则认定人虽有限而可无限。

In the circumstances that the procedure justice theory increasingly becomes the mainstream theory in procedural law,there is a theoretical trend that belittles the position of "epistemology" in the theory base of evidence jurisprude...

在程序正义理论日益成为诉讼法学主流理论的背景下，理论上有贬低&认识论&在证据法学理论基础中的地位的趋向，这是不符合证据法律制度的历史发展事实以及证据法学的学科特点的。

Dialectic contains much points against science: dialectic , with simple opinion, its one dividing into two of opposite and consolidation broke nature's ordered and organic character; combing two into one being simply patched at least goes against thing's selectivity; law of the unity of opposite wrongly treats contradiction as principle, and does not deeply explore the objective principle of contradiction trending to utility; contradiction generalization dissevers the thing's utility, which denies the relativity of existence, truth, non-contradiction of rule being in relative condition and unique correctness.

辩证法就存在着诸多反科学之处：辩证法观念简单，其对立统一之一分为二打破了自然的有序有机性，而合二为一又简单拼凑，至少违反了事物的选择性原则；对立统一规律化，错误的把矛盾这一事物的状态当成了规律，而没能深入探索矛盾由对立趋向统一的客观规律；矛盾普遍化，割裂了事物的统一性，否定了存在的相对性，也否定了真理、规律在相对条件内的非矛盾性，唯一正确性；辩证矛盾核心论，乱用核心，否定了事物由低级趋向高级发展的客观规律；认识论如矛盾论，使认识等矛盾，使一切关系变成矛盾等等。

Postmodern historical fiction fictionalizes and distorts history , and puts history in a subordinate position .

现代主义历史小说转向认识论的寻求，把历史的本质和可知性作为其探讨的主题，把自己放在与历史同样重要的位置。

But two questions are still harrying the translation teachers: what translation theoretical knowledge should be taught in class? And how to combine the theoretical content with students' translation activities in their teaching? This paper argues that, first of all, a scientific, systematic and practical system of theoretical content to be taught should be specified and brought into the framework...

要在翻译教学中真正实现理论与实践相结合，首先必须根据翻译理论在翻译教学中的作用和教学对象的实际需要，从认识论的角度确立一个明确的、能体现科学性、系统性和实用性三大原则的翻译理论教学体系；同时，翻译教师必须在教学中将翻译理论的传授与学生的翻译实践紧密地结合起来，用所学的理论知识和技巧去解释和论证学生在翻译实践中遇到的问题和难点，使学生由感性认识发展到理性认识，从而对整个翻译活动获得一个全面完整的认识，树立正确的翻译观

By analyzng Zhao mengfu's "ancients idolizing" thought and its abundant connotation, this paper tries to discuss the double significances of "ancients idolizing" to contemporary calligraphy creation in epistemology and methodology.

本文重温赵孟頫的&尊古&思想，揭示它的丰富内涵，解读&尊古&思想在当代书法创作上的认识论和方法论上的双重启示意义。

Moreover, when introspecting traditional theory of knowledge, both of them have identical attitude and different views.

此外，在反思传统认识论方面，两者既有一致的态度，又有不同的立场。

Singer Leona Lewis and former Led Zeppelin guitarist Jimmy Page emerged as the bus transformed into a grass-covered carnival float, and the pair combined for a rendition of "Whole Lotta Love".

歌手leona刘易斯和前率领的飞艇的吉他手吉米页出现巴士转化为基层所涵盖的嘉年华花车，和一双合并为一移交&整个lotta爱&。

This is Kate, and that's Erin.

这是凯特，那个是爱朗。