认识论

The article holds that it is the mediated nature of human knowledge,the unneutral nature of signs...

认知的中介本质、符号的非中立性以及符号体系必须拥有的三大元功能不仅为区别图像与文字奠定了认识论基础，而且也为探讨它们之间的关系提供了可能性，同时，更是理解虚拟现实的有效途径。

So, for example, externalists tend to allow that small children or unreflective subjects (such as the now notorious, and possibly non-existent,"chicken sexer") can have knowledge even though they fail to meet an internal epistemic condition.

所以，例如，外在论者倾向于允许小孩子或无反思主体（——例如可能并不存在的"判别小鸡性别的人『 chicken sexer 』"『译注：1、貌似确实有干这个工作的人；2、貌似确实有比较可靠的方法可以做到；3、这里的例子意思是说，没有信息支持这个判别，都多少是猜的』）能拥有知识，即使她们没有满足内在论的认识论条件。

It is a tradition in Western political philosophy to pro vide the political theory with the solid epistemological ground.

给政治理论确立坚实的认识论基础是西方政治哲学的传统。

By placing the voluntarist aesthetics under the grand background of philosophy history and aesthetic history, this paper analyzes the epoch-making significance of voluntarist aesthetics in its transformation from philosphical epistemology to axiology and incorporates aesthetics into the realm of value, thus having affirmed the ideological function of aesthetics.

文章把唯意志主义美学放在哲学史和美学史的大背景下，分析它在从哲学认识论向价值论的转折过程中的划时代意义，并因此得以把美归入价值领域，肯定了审美的意志功能，分析了叔本华、尼采各自的美学内容、结构、矛盾及发展趋势。

The rational tendency of the other literary movements is equal to no more than literary rationality,The formation of rational literature is in accordance with there volution and development of modern natural science, philosophy and society.

而理性文学得以形成是顺应了近代自然科学、哲学和社会的变革和发展。同为理性文学，古典主义与启蒙主义又在反封建、狭义与广义、方法论与认识论上各具差异。

As foundational as these epistemological claims are to Waldron and Fallon's stances, they are highly controversial.

沃尔德伦和法伦的立场如同这些认识论的观点一样具有基础性，它们具有高度的争议性。

As such, Waldron and Fallon's stances are foundational and metaethical claims of a grand epistemological kind.

因此，沃尔德伦和法伦的立场是基础性的、极好的认识论本质观点。

He is careful to warn off a reading that has him stopping short at the epistemological point: The problem is not, I should stress, one of verifying what objects or events a creature is responding to; the problem is that without a second creature responding to the first, there can be no answer to the question.

他细致警告过一种把他解读为停止了认识论要点：我应该强调，问题不是证实人所回应的是什么对象或事态，而是没有第二个人对第一个人的回应，就不能回答这个问题。

The penetrating strength of Wundt's doctrine of apperceptionin modern psychology is discussed in connection with psychology of learning,genetic epistemology, theory of information processing andpsych...

尽管如此，冯特的统觉论在现代心理学中有着很强的渗透力，例如在学习心理、教育心理、发展认识论以及信息加工论各方面都留下以统觉论为代表的构造派的痕迹。这可能是因为冯特的统觉心理学在若干主要方面反映出客观现实的辩论法。用实验方法系统地研究统觉问题具有十分重要的意义。

Almost all the schools of psychology, appearing after the establishment of Wundt experimental psychology, except postmodern psychology, belong to modernism, including not only mainstream psychology, but also the humanist approach in psychology.

后现代主义取向的核心是社会建构主义，其主要特征为：(1)批判的倾向，对现代心理学的理论基础进行解构；(2 )把社会建构论作为认识论的基础；(3)促进心理学实践的四个转变。尽管两种倾向形成鲜明的对照，但两者也存在着一些共同的方面，从而构成了超越两者的基础。

Singer Leona Lewis and former Led Zeppelin guitarist Jimmy Page emerged as the bus transformed into a grass-covered carnival float, and the pair combined for a rendition of "Whole Lotta Love".

歌手leona刘易斯和前率领的飞艇的吉他手吉米页出现巴士转化为基层所涵盖的嘉年华花车，和一双合并为一移交&整个lotta爱&。

This is Kate, and that's Erin.

这是凯特，那个是爱朗。