认识论

The origin of Piaget′s equilibrium concept and its nature,classification and significance are analysed.

平衡化是皮亚杰发生认识论中的重要概念，也是皮亚杰终身探索的重要问题之一。

In this regard Xunzi's thought is at least six centuries ahead of Porphyry's.

荀子提出了一个名称分类体系，其中涉及名称和事物之间的种属包含关系，其思想领先於古罗马的波菲利至少六个多世纪，但不如后者的理论系统、完善和深入；他强调了名称的社会性、约定性和强制性，论述了名称的「约定俗成」本质，以及「约定俗成」的制名过程，这涉及到语言的社会分工；他论及了名称的认知功能和交际功能，但更为关注名称的社会政治功能和道德教化功能；他讨论了制名的本体论根据和认识论根据：命名对象本身的同异，以及人的认识器官对这种同异的感知和认识，是制定不同名称去指涉这些对象的基础；并讨论了制名和正名的一些关键性环节，以及使用名称的三种基本谬误，最后探讨了名称在辩说体系中的地位和作用。

Truth is not prepositional truth in traditional significance. Here, truth is taken as opening concealed by itself.

这里所谓的真理不是传统意义上认识论的真理，而是为了自身遮蔽的林中空地。

K. Popper turn to ontology of three worlds, evolutionary philosophy and philosophy of biology after the middle of 60 decade last century, since he Finished his argument of his falsificationism in the fields of logic, methodology and probabilism. Popper has developed his Evolutionary Epistemology, which occupied an important place in his works during this period.

本文指出，波普尔在上世纪完成他的证伪主义的逻辑学和方法论论证及其在政治哲学中的应用的研究之后，从60年代中期开始，重点转向三个世界的本体论、进化哲学和生物学哲学的研究，其中对进化认识论研究占着一个突出的地位。

The course of integration abides by dialectical materialism epistemology law, with the characteristics of progressiveness and reversion.

融合的进程遵循辨证唯物主义认识论的规律，具有递进性和回复性的特点。

As human epistemology is concerned, there are at least five kinds of natural basic means for human to know about the universe: sensibility (time-space, algebra, geometry and all sensory abilities of human), intellectuality, aesthetic appreciation and aesthetic purposiveness and supreme rationality, which constitute the connection between subject and object. People use these basic ways to recognize themselves and all things in the universe.

关于人类认识论：人类认识宇宙的先天基本方式至少有五种，感性（时空、代数、几何及人类所有的感官能力）、知性、审美、审目的和最高理性等，它们构成了主体与客体之间的联系，人类用这些基本方式来认识自身及宇宙万事万物。

Quiescence is an important theory category of Chinese ancient literary theory.

"虚静"作为中国古代文论中的一个理论范畴，最早是作为一种人生态度从哲学认识论的角度提出的。

Quine makes the claim that there is no place outside of science from which one can sit in judgment.

文章首先对奎因的将认识论置于科学之下的观点做了分析。

This essay has three difficulties: First, difficulty of conception foundation: how to grasp conception foundation, historical background and theory origin of positive economic paradigm and normative economic paradigm from a historical and philosophical perspective? Second, difficulty of formalization system: the viewpoints of positive economists and normative economists are very jumble, this paper tries to clear up the formers' theories, sums up and synthesizes various standpoints, and make it form systematism and standardization. Third, difficulty of combination in visual angle: combining economics and philosophy, resurvey some philosophy problems in economic research from the perspective of ontology, epistemology and methodology, thereby discover new problems, and make rigor argumentation toward it.

本文的难点：1、概念基础难点：如何从一种历史的、哲学的角度准确把握实证经济范式与规范经济范式的概念基础和变更的历史背景、理论渊源。2、形式化体系难点：实证经济学家与规范经济学家的观点非常混杂，本文试图理清前人的思路，总结和综合纷繁不一的观点，并使其体系化、规范化。3、视角结合点难点：将经济学与哲学有机地结合起来，从本体论、认识论、方法论的角度重新看待经济学研究中的一些哲学问题，从而发现新问题，并对其进行严密论证。

On epistemology, howeve, it gives a sense of rootedness that "practice" was interpreted as anti-doctrinal theory of experience cumulating.

而认识论意义上把"实践"解释为反教条的经验累积论在中国也根深蒂固。

Singer Leona Lewis and former Led Zeppelin guitarist Jimmy Page emerged as the bus transformed into a grass-covered carnival float, and the pair combined for a rendition of "Whole Lotta Love".

歌手leona刘易斯和前率领的飞艇的吉他手吉米页出现巴士转化为基层所涵盖的嘉年华花车，和一双合并为一移交&整个lotta爱&。

This is Kate, and that's Erin.

这是凯特，那个是爱朗。