认知的

Sum up: Treatment with electro-acupuncture select Baihui and Shenting points belong to DUmeridian can be of benefit and disbenefit on schizophrene. It is helpful to cognitive function ofschizophrene, increasing memory, attention and perform function, but low efficacy to stability ofAbstract Vattention. It is better that Baihui and Shenting points cooperate with the point on Yin meridians orextremities in treating cognitive impairment of schizophrene with electro-acupuncture.

综上所述，电针百会，神庭穴对精神分裂症患者的治疗有正面和负面的影响，电针可以改善认知功能，提高患者的记忆，注意和执行功能，但对患者的注意的稳定性还缺乏疗效在治疗精神分裂症患者认知功能障碍的过程中，电针百会，神庭穴的同时最好能配合阴经穴位或远端穴位，因研究方法的不同及针对精神分裂症患者的试验难度较大等因素。

The conclusions are as follows:(1) Neologisms in each Huayu region can be classified into two major categories:self-originated and others-originated,among which the new-born words are "absolute new words" and the inherited word are "relative new words",and there are also others-originated elements in the morphemic and sense systems of new words;(2) Variation can be seen in the morpheme,formation,building and sense of new words in Huayu regions,besides individuals of new words;(3) Aggregation of current new words and compound words with one common morpheme and a same construction,together with the aggregation of synonyms and that of different senses in polysemies,reflect the relevance of the systems of new words in Huayu regions in their variation;(4) Regular participation of hinting sense of a formation element in forming and building new words is an important way of producing new sense of morpheme,and an important reason for the current emergence of words with more than one new senses;(5) Compared with ordinary words,the productivity of ways of word formation in forming new words both in general and of a particular class will change and new ways of word formation appear in Huayu regions;(6) The semantic collocation of the verbal morpheme of new verbs in a phrase has a great influence on the location of its structural center,and the complex syntactic behaviors of new verbs are related to the different processes of argument integration;(7) The processes of building new words with the same meaning differ in levels of approaches to motivation cognition,perspectives of motivation cognition,morpheme motivation and morpheme expression,etc.;(8) The lexical interaction in Huayu regions results in lexical subsystem intersections of current new words across two,three and four regions.

本文的主要结论是：(1)各华语区新词均可分为"自源新词"和"他源新词"两大类，其中的新生词和传承词分属"绝对新词"和"相对新词"，新词语的词素、词义系统中也含有他源成分；(2)除词语个体外，华语区新词在词素、构词、造词、词义等方面均体现了某种程度的变异：(3)通用词语聚合、同素同构词聚合、同义异形词聚合与一词多义聚合集中反映了各华语区新词语系统在变异中的关联；(4)构词单位经常提示词义参与构造新词是产生新语素义的重要途径，也是当代多新义词现象的重要成因；(5)相对于一般词语，构词方式在新词语中的总能产性和在某一词类中所体现的能产性都有所变化，华语区也产生了新的构词方式；(6)新动词的动素在短语中的语义搭配对结构核心的位置有很大影响，新动词的复杂句法表现与不同的论元整合过程有关；(7)同义新词造词过程的差异包括理据认知途径、理据认知角度、词素理据和词素表达等不同层面；(8)华语区的词汇互动形成了双区、三区和四区通用新词等词汇子系统交集，作为华语核心，普通话所含纳的通用词语多于各区域变体。

In the process of traditional Chinese medicinediagnosis and treatment,doctors obtain patients\' information by TCM observation,smell,inquisition,Pulse-feeling and Palpation,on the basis of the internal relationship of syndrome,then analyze and compare to search the origin and essence of disease,using various syndrome differentiation methods, such as eight class(Yin-Yang,exterior and interior,cold and heat,asthenia and sthenia ) and six meridians.At last,doctors image modeling through an analysis of representation,carring through syndrome differentiation and treatment,under the guidance of TCM theory.

中医诊疗过程是医者运用望、闻、问、切四种诊断方法，获取患者所反映出来的各类状态信息，根据它们的内在联系，以八纲(阴、阳、表、里、寒、热、虚、实)为总纲领，以气血津液辨证和脏腑辨证为基础，结合六经、卫气营血和三焦等辨证方法，进行综合、分析、归纳，以寻找病证的根源和病变的本质，"立象表意"，做出某种判断，进而在中医"理、法、方、药"理论的指导下，确定适当的治疗方法和配伍用药的过程，同时，也是医者对患者信息获取、理解、分析、综合与应用的认知与智能决策过程，医者为认知者，患者为认知对象，这一过程是动态的，复杂的。

It was suggested:(1) A strikingly strong sensitivity to eye gaze is observed from birth, and eye gaze perception is key to the development of language capabilities and social cognition;(2) The neural basis of gaze perception is the superior temporal sulcus, which is heavily connected with the amygdala implicated in processing emotion, and the STS is an important part of a wider network for social cognition neural systems;(3) Processing on early stage of eyes gaze cueing reveals specific event-related potential component;(4)The eyes gaze cueing effect has been labeled reflexive and likened to orienting in response to peripheral cues, however, it lasts longer;(5) The gaze cueing effect is influenced by many different facets, from lower level configural aspects such as face orientation to higher level cognitive factors. Furthermore, the gaze cueing effect reveals significant sex difference in normal adult population.

结果发现：婴儿从一出生就对眼睛注视线索表现出强烈的敏感性，眼睛注视知觉对语言和社会等能力的发展有很大影响；(2)颞上沟是加工眼睛注视线索的特异神经结构，它与实时监控情绪和情感的杏仁核存在神经联结，成为社会认知神经系统的重要组成部分；(3)对眼睛注视线索的早期加工显示出特异的脑电活动模式；(4)眼睛注视线索效应与外周线索的反射式效应相类似，但持续时间较长；(5)眼睛注视线索效应不仅受面部结构信息的影响，也受自上而下加工等高水平认知因素的调节，并显示出明显的个体差异。

I think, via research, during the period of middle school, the application form of mathematical history in concept teaching should be "the form of being in harmony"; and we should choose the suitable mathematical history content according to the teaching content and the students' perceive; we should obtain concept through paying more attention to the latitudinous teaching and recreating principles; presenting the outcoming process of mathematical history through sight principles; improving the degree of the students' attaching themselves to the process .

中学阶段，数学史在概念教学中的应用遵循的原则主要有：应用形式为&融入式&为主；根据教学内容和学生的认知选择合适的数学史内容；在应用时应注重认知纬度的教学；遵循再创造的原则获得概念；遵循直观性原则呈现数学概念的演变过程；采用灵活多样的教学方式，提高学生的参与程度。

The conclusions are as follows:(1) Neologisms in each Huayu region can be classified into two major categories:self-originated and others-originated,among which the new-born words are "absolute new words" and the inherited word are "relative new words",and there are also others-originated elements in the morphemic and sense systems of new words;(2) Variation can be seen in the morpheme,formation,building and sense of new words in Huayu regions,besides individuals of new words;(3) Aggregation of current new words and compound words with one common morpheme and a same construction,together with the aggregation of synonyms and that of different senses in polysemies,reflect the relevance of the systems of new words in Huayu regions in their variation;(4) Regular participation of hinting sense of a formation element in forming and building new words is an important way of producing new sense of morpheme,and an important reason for the current emergence of words with more than one new senses;(5) Compared with ordinary words,the productivity of ways of word formation in forming new words both in general and of a particular class will change and new ways of word formation appear in Huayu regions;(6) The semantic collocation of the verbal morpheme of new verbs in a phrase has a great influence on the location of its structural center,and the complex syntactic behaviors of new verbs are related to the different processes of argument integration;(7) The processes of building new words with the same meaning differ in levels of approaches to motivation cognition,perspectives of motivation cognition,morpheme motivation and morpheme expression,etc.;(8) The lexical interaction in Huayu regions results in lexical subsystem intersections of current new words across two,three and four regions.

本文的主要结论是：(1)各华语区新词均可分为&自源新词&和&他源新词&两大类，其中的新生词和传承词分属&绝对新词&和&相对新词&，新词语的词素、词义系统中也含有他源成分；(2)除词语个体外，华语区新词在词素、构词、造词、词义等方面均体现了某种程度的变异：(3)通用词语聚合、同素同构词聚合、同义异形词聚合与一词多义聚合集中反映了各华语区新词语系统在变异中的关联；(4)构词单位经常提示词义参与构造新词是产生新语素义的重要途径，也是当代多新义词现象的重要成因；(5)相对于一般词语，构词方式在新词语中的总能产性和在某一词类中所体现的能产性都有所变化，华语区也产生了新的构词方式；(6)新动词的动素在短语中的语义搭配对结构核心的位置有很大影响，新动词的复杂句法表现与不同的论元整合过程有关；(7)同义新词造词过程的差异包括理据认知途径、理据认知角度、词素理据和词素表达等不同层面；(8)华语区的词汇互动形成了双区、三区和四区通用新词等词汇子系统交集，作为华语核心，普通话所含纳的通用词语多于各区域变体。

So research in the cognitive diagnosis under polytomous scoring model is very meaningful.

随着布什总统&不让一个孩子落下&的政策出台，美国的认知诊断研究也逐渐成为热门，但目前的大部分研究仍基于0.1 评分，而多级评分可以提供更丰富的信息，并且我国的试题类型往往是多级评分的，因此研究基于多级评分的认知诊断具有重要的意义。1 本文采用模型介绍1.1 目前同类相关研究采用的模型及方法1.1.1 多级评分个人拟合统计量Drasgow提出的多级评分个人拟合统计量指标_l J可以将多级评分模型中被试是否属于异常反应诊断判别出来，但该指标功能局限性大，只能对被试反应模式是否正常做出定性说明，还不能指出哪些属性掌握与否，尚达不到针对考生不足之处进行补救教学的目的。1.1.2 Tatsuoka的规。。。。。。

There were no significant facilitating effects to the retention of signaled information in the overuse of text signals condition, but there were in the selective use of text signals condition. Experiment 3, in which 2 small experiments contained, studied the effects of reader-based factors. Experiment 3a examined the effects of the familarity to the text topics and the readers' reading levels. Experiment 3b explored the effects of cognitive style and the intention to use the text signals. The results were as the follows: There were no significant difference between the signaled and unsignaled conditions in the circumstance of high familarity to the text topics, but there were significant differences between them in the circumstances of lower familarity to the text topics. There were no significant differences between the signaled and unsignaled conditions for the field-independent participants, but there were for the field-dependent participants. All the participants with different reading levels were helped by the text signals.

实验3 对不同主体因素条件下文章标记效应进行了研究，分2个分实验，实验3a以高中二年级学生为被试，研究了文章主题熟悉程度与阅读水平对文章标记效应的影响，实验3b以初中二年级学生为被试，探索了读者不同的认知方式与标记利用的意向对文章标记效应的影响，实验3结果发现，读者的阅读水平、对文章主题的熟悉程度、认知方式和利用标记意向等因素影响着文章标记效应，在文章主题熟悉的条件下，有无文章标记无显著差异，但在主题不熟悉条件下，有文章标记的效果显著优于无标记的效果；对场独立被试而言，有无标记无显著差异，但对场依存被试来说，有标记条件显著优于无标记条件；文章标记对不同阅读水平被试都有显著促进效应；文章标记利用意向对场独立与场依存被试都有显著促进效应。

Firstly it deals with the phenomenon as how the Chinese logographs have been functioning as a cross-cultural mediator between Chinese and Japanese regardless of their respective historical changes as well as the environmental influences on the two languages. In Western, written signs are generally considered an instrument for recording spoken languages.

我们以汉语中的日语借形词做为观察对象，从宏观的认知符号学角度去探讨这种非语音的文字符号，如何跨越历史的演变以及空间的迁移，在不问断的语言内部结构与外在环境造成的变化之中、依然做为两种截然不同语言文化之闻思想交流的中介，并且成为两种语言共有共享的、对外在世，口说的语言才是真正的语言，文字只是记录语界的认知媒介。

Then we study investors\' behavour in China by using the questionnaire method from three dimensions—investor\'s knowledge,psychology and behavior and from seven affecting factors—motive,securities investment Knowledge,awareness of risk,investment philosophy,trading,investment decision-making rule and investment performance.Aiming at these investment characteristics we examines the conservative bias and the reasons for the deviation from mental deviation from the emotional,social psychology and cognitive psychology deviation and from over-confidence,loss aversion,conservatism aversion, excessive fear of selective bias,selecting aversion,gambling psychology,self-attribution,the dependence on the policy bias and rapid money-making psychology.And we analyze investors\' several restrictive conditions during investment decision-making including information and knowledge constraints,psychological constraints,funds constraints and external conditions.

本文从全球股灾的教训及近年来我国证券投资者生存现状出发，从理论和实践两个角度论述了加强投资者教育以提高我国投资者在投资过程中的自我保护能力的重要性；采用调查问卷的方法，从投资者的知识、心理、行为三个构面，从入市动机、证券投资知识、风险意识、投资理念、交易行为、投资决策依据及投资业绩等七个影响因素来考察了我国投资者的投资行为；针对这些投资者的行为特征，从情感心理偏差、社会心理偏差和认知心理偏差三个构面，从过度自信、损失厌恶、保守性偏差、过度恐惧、选择性偏差、赌博心理与自我归因、对政策的依赖性偏差以及暴富心理等影响因素出发对我国投资者的认知偏差，以及产生这些偏差的原因进行了分析，探讨了投资者在投资决策时的几个约束条件，即信息约束、知识约束、心理约束、资金约束以及外部条件约束。

This one mode pays close attention to network credence foundation of the businessman very much.

这一模式非常关注商人的网络信用基础。

Cell morphology of bacterial ghost of Pasteurella multocida was observed by scanning electron microscopy and inactivation ratio was estimated by CFU analysi.

扫描电镜观察多杀性巴氏杆菌细菌幽灵和菌落形成单位评价遗传灭活率。