认知的

In addition, metonymy is taken as the crucial bases for metaphors, and relative metonymies are also taken as crucial bases for cognitive transfer to serve as metaphors, such as EMOTION IS PHYSIOLOGICAL EFFECT and EMOTION IS BEHAVIORAL REACTION.

除此之外，本文将转喻和隐喻同样视为认知转换的重要来源，因此，由转喻机制而来的认知转换又包含：情绪是生理反应以及情绪是行为反应，也纳入隐喻的表现来讨论。

It is showed that the fuzzy comprehensive evaluation method on pilot's situation cognition can provide real and complete flight cognitive information.

用模糊综合评判方法评价飞行员的情境认知可以提供真实、全面的飞行认知信息，为飞行员的训练有效性及安全性提供可靠依据。

From the metaphorical point of view, past tense does not only refer to the past time, but it develops to project to real distance, and further to psychological distance, which reveals the nature of past tense from cognitive perspective.

隐喻在人们的认知过程中扮演重要角色，使英语过去时态的初始意义得到扩张，过去时态从单纯表示过去时间到表示现实距离，又进一步映射到心理距离，从而揭示了认知视野下英语过去时态的本质和意义。

From the metaphorical point of view, past tense does not only refer to the past time, but it develops to project to real distance, and further to psychological distance, which reveals the nature of past tense from cognitive perspective.

隐喻在人们的认知过程中扮演重要角色，使英语过去时态的初始意义得到扩张，过去时态从单纯表示过去时间发展到表示现实距离，又进一步映射到心理距离，从而揭示了认知视野下英语过去时态的本质和意义。

From the metaphorical point of view, past tense does not only refer to the past time, but it develops to project to real distance, and further to psychological distance, reveals the nature of past tense from cognitive perspective.Key words: past tense; cognitive perspective; metaphor

隐喻在人们的认知过程中扮演重要角色，使英语过去时态的初始意义得到扩张，过去时态从单纯表示过去时间到表示现实距离，又进一步映射到心理距离，从而揭示了认知视野下英语过去时态的本质和意义。

From the metaphorical point of view, past tense does not only refer to the past time, but it develops to project to real distance, and further to psychological distance, which reveals the nature of past tense from cognitive perspective.Key words: past tense; cognitive perspective; metaphor

隐喻在人们的认知过程中扮演重要角色，使英语过去时态的初始意义得到扩张，过去时态从单纯表示过去时间发展到表示现实距离，又进一步映射到心理距离，从而揭示了认知视野下过去时态的本质和意义。

As an important component of metacognition and learning strategy system, the importance of metacognitive strategy has been to some extent well-studied.

作为元认知和学习策略系统的重要组成部分，元认知策略的重要性得到了相当的研究。

The influence of self-explanation as questions or questions with answers on cognitive load and achievement have no significant difference.(9) Though the management of cognitive load by multimedia instructional design, material character and learners\' individual differences have significant moderate effect.

9在通过多媒体教学设计控制认知负荷的过程中，学习材料和学习者个体差异在其中起着重要的调节作用，因此，多媒体学习中认知负荷是由教学设计、材料和学习者三者共同作用的结果。

Contrariwise, when material is less abstract and learners have more prior knowledge, teaching explanation doesn\'t increase germane cognitive load, but induce better transfer achievement.(8) In difficult material learning, self-explanation reduced intrinsic cognitive load and better transfer achievement.

8在难度较大的材料学习中，提示自我解释降低了内在认知负荷，提高了迁移测试成绩；在难度较小的材料学习中，提示自我解释增加了被试的相关认知负荷，提高了迁移测试成绩。

Hi沙er-rank profession of mothers means more protection and interference but less biased favor of the subj ects.2. Parental r ea.ring p attems p rove t o b e a n m ost l nfluential f actor t o t he c ognitive styles of university students.

父母教养方式是影响大学生认知方式重要因素，父亲教养方式的过分干涉及母亲教养方式的过干涉过保护可以促使大学生形成场独立的认知方式。

This one mode pays close attention to network credence foundation of the businessman very much.

这一模式非常关注商人的网络信用基础。

Cell morphology of bacterial ghost of Pasteurella multocida was observed by scanning electron microscopy and inactivation ratio was estimated by CFU analysi.

扫描电镜观察多杀性巴氏杆菌细菌幽灵和菌落形成单位评价遗传灭活率。