认知的

Metaphor is the cognitive way to conceptualize an abstract category on the basis of the experiences in another category within a different domain, and metonymy is the cognitive way to activate one cognitive category by referring to another category within the same domain.

隐喻是人类将其某一领域的经验用来说明或理解另一类领域的一种认知方式，转喻是同一认知域内相关联的两个事物中，一个突显事物替代另一事物的认知方式。

Parkinson's diseaseis basically a degeneration disorder of basal ganglia, and is characterized by tremor, akinesia, and rigidity, and sometimes may accompany with cognitive impairment similarity frontal lobe dysfunction.

中文摘要巴金森氏症是一种基底核的退化性疾病，临床症状除了震颤、运动不能及僵直外，常伴随类似额叶损伤的认知功能障碍，这些认知障碍一般以为是额叶-皮质下神经回路受损所导致。P300-事件性诱发电位，可以反应出人类的认知历程，常被用来检测大脑高级皮质功能的异常。

The basic theories of visualization on fuzzy spatial information and fuzzy spatial process are summarized; the relationship between GIS and the human spatial cognition system are analyzed, and it is regarded that there exists difference between the cognition of cartographer and of the map user.

总结了模糊空间信息和模糊空间过程可视化的基础理论，比较分析了地理信息系统与人的空间认知系统，并认为制图者和用图者具有不同的认知过程，从而分别建立了制图者和用图者的认知模型。

Connectionist, constructionist and behaviorist cognitive psychology are new approaches, which have been developed from symbolist cognitive psychology. They have some relations and similarities, as well as differences.

联结主义、建构主义和行为范式认知心理学是在符号主义认知心理学的基础上发展起来的认知心理学新取向，它们之间既存在着一定的联系和相同点，也有一定的差异。

2The difficulty of disjunctive reasoning under uncertainty did not lie in the lack of the cognitive ability of complex computation, but it had high relations with the thinking styles ( including cognitive need and cognitive style).

2不确定情景下的析取推理困难的原因不在于复杂计算的认知能力的缺乏，而与思维风格(包括认知需求和认知风格)有着高相关。

In any and every discipline that is open to human comprehension gigantic strides have been taken in man's understanding of himself and his environs.

在人们所能理解的任何一个学科，人们的认知都向前跨了一大步，不管是对自身的认知，还是对周围环境的认知。

The research instruments included " Science Concept Comprehension Test, Science-related Attitudes Scale, and Problem Solving Ability Test". The results of this study were that: STS group had significantly positive effect than traditional group on SCCT, SRAS and PSAT.(2) Field-independent students had significantly positive effect than Field-dependent on SCCT.(3) There were no interaction between teaching methods and cognitive styles.

刊究结果发现在问题解决能力、科学理解与科学相关态度三方面，STS组学生皆较一般组学生有正向的表现，且前测并不影响学童在此三方面的后测表现；在认知风格上，场地独立性的学童在科学概念理解上表现较场地依赖性者正向，但不同认知风格学童在科学相关态度和问题解决能力两方面并没有显著差异；学生的认知风格和教学法之间，在科学概念理解、科学相关态度和问题解决能力三方面皆无交互作用产生。

The study, which verified the discrepency of metacognition in reading between the children of LD and the excellent comprehender, can efficiently guide the teaching of reading and improve their reading faculty .

研究学习困难学生的阅读元认知，探明学习困难学生与优生在阅读活动中的元认知差异，不仅可以进一步丰富和发展元认知理论，而且还可以有效地指导阅读教学，提高学习困难学生的阅读水平。

The rule space model is a cognitive diagnose model which combines with the cognitive psychology and psychometric. It can be applied to identify cognitive errors in students' problem solving and to classify the examinees into a set of attribute-mastery patterns.

规则空间模型是一种将认知心理学和心理计量学相结合的认知诊断模型，它可用于识别被试解题的认知错误和判别被试的属性掌握模式。

They include Positivists" system, Popper"s system, Mertons system.

其中有：逻辑实证论的认知规范系统：波普尔的认知规范系统；作为广义认知规范系统的默顿规范。

This one mode pays close attention to network credence foundation of the businessman very much.

这一模式非常关注商人的网络信用基础。

Cell morphology of bacterial ghost of Pasteurella multocida was observed by scanning electron microscopy and inactivation ratio was estimated by CFU analysi.

扫描电镜观察多杀性巴氏杆菌细菌幽灵和菌落形成单位评价遗传灭活率。