认知

The author phose two classes of Junior one students from Shangrao No.2 High school as experimental group and contrast group, and finally discovered that after the inquiring learning, the two groups appeared obvious or extremely remarkable difference in making a hypotheses working out a plan, executing the plan and communicating except patting questions and obtaining results. From this, the author can conclude that metacognition training is effective and plays positive effect in the inquiring learning. In the aspect of co-operation spirit, the difference is not marked, but exists diverse understandings, so can conclude that the effect of metacognition training is deep.

结果发现两班学生在探究学习后，除提出问题和得出结论两环节差别不大外，其它作出假设、制定计划、实施计划、表达交流的差异均呈显著或极显著现象，说明元认知训练是有效的，对探究学习效果起正面影响；在合作精神方面差异不显著，但各自理解不一，说明元认知训练的影响是深层次的。

So research in the cognitive diagnosis under polytomous scoring model is very meaningful.

随着布什总统&不让一个孩子落下&的政策出台，美国的认知诊断研究也逐渐成为热门，但目前的大部分研究仍基于0.1 评分，而多级评分可以提供更丰富的信息，并且我国的试题类型往往是多级评分的，因此研究基于多级评分的认知诊断具有重要的意义。1 本文采用模型介绍1.1 目前同类相关研究采用的模型及方法1.1.1 多级评分个人拟合统计量Drasgow提出的多级评分个人拟合统计量指标_l J可以将多级评分模型中被试是否属于异常反应诊断判别出来，但该指标功能局限性大，只能对被试反应模式是否正常做出定性说明，还不能指出哪些属性掌握与否，尚达不到针对考生不足之处进行补救教学的目的。1.1.2 Tatsuoka的规。。。。。。

Moving from precontemplation, contemplation to preparation, the mean score of every process of change associated with cognitive activities, and of the cons of smoking pactice were increasing; the mean score of every process of change associated with behavior activities remained stable, but the mean score of every situational temptation, and of the process of smoking practice were declining.

各阶段决策平衡、自我效能感和与认知有关的转变方法均分差异有统计学意义；由前意向期→意向期→准备期，吸烟有害的决定均分和各项认知相关转变方法均分逐步抬高，情境诱惑和吸烟有利决定均分逐渐降低，行为相关转变方法均分保持稳定。

The study shows that prepurchase expectation has a contingency effect on customers satisfaction, proividing an explanation to the inconsistence of the researh results of the past studies on the relation between expec.

运用结构方程模型分析效能期待、效能认知及顾客满意度和价格预期、价格认知及顾客满意度在价格与效能一致与否不同情境下的相互关系，能够了解价格在满意度形成过程中的作用。

On the basis of the past research, the aims of this study include:(1) To establish the module of emotion induced by cognitive task;(2) To set up the assessment system of criterion of emotional stability;(3) To study on the effect of emotional stability to cognitive task performance;(4) To investigate the influence of situational variable on psychophysiological research of emotion;(5) To discuss the physiological differences between different emotional stability individuals under different situations.

在以往研究的基础上，本工作的主要目的如下：（1）建立情绪诱导认知作业模式；（2）建立情绪稳定性效标评价体系；（3）探讨情绪稳定性对认知作业绩效的影响；（4）研究情境变量对情绪生理心理学研究的影响；（5）探讨不同情绪稳定性个体在不同情境下的生理反应差异。

The model of brain concussion of rat can be established successfully using iron pendulum hitting device; 2. The spatial learning and memory deficits of the rats are detected by MWM in early period post-BC(from 1 to 3 days after BC); 3. Pycnosis degeneration or necrosis neurons of the cerebral cortex, dorsal hippocampus, dentate fornix and brainstem reticular formation are identified in BC rats; 4. There are significantly changes in the number and activity of cholinergic neurons in the basal forebrain and brainstem reticular formation after BC; 5. The change of cerebral neurons and cholinergic neurons correlate with cognitive deficits in BC rats .

1、单摆式闭合性机械打击装置能成功建立脑震荡大鼠模型；2、脑震荡大鼠在MWM实验中出现早期空间认知行为障碍；3、脑震荡大鼠大脑皮质、背侧海马、齿状回和脑干网状结构出现程度不等的部分神经元固缩变性和不完全性坏死；4、脑震荡大鼠基底前脑、脑干网状结构ChAT活性表达有明显变化；5、脑震荡大鼠认知障碍与相关脑区神经元、胆碱能神经元的变化有关联。

There are three connected claims about the interrelation of psychology and neuroscience that occur in discussions within the circle of psychology: cognitive neuroscience can never give a complete account of the psychology of a person because it is reductionistic; neuroscience can only show correlations between neural events and cognitive or behavioral events; such factors as culture, historical situation, are the most relevant in understanding human knowledge and behavior. The paper gives critical demenstrations for these claims.

在心理学讨论中出现的三个关于心理学与神经科学内部关系的观点是：认知神经科学是还原主义的，所以它不能完全解释一个人的心理；神经科学最多只能说明神经事件与认知或行为事件之间的相关；文化、历史条件等等是理解人类知识和行为的真正相关因素，神经科学对这些几乎没有解释，所以它并不能真正解释心理学。

In Repin's picture the peasant recognizes and sees things in the way in which he recognizes and sees things outside of pictures -- there is no discontinuity between art and life, no need to accept a convention and say to oneself, that icon represents Jesus because it intends to represent Jesus, evenif it does not remind me very much of a man.

在列宾的画里，这个农民以认知和看待画外的事物一样的方式来认知和看待画中的事物——艺术与生活之间没有任何不连续性，也不需要接受一种成规并对自己说那个圣像代表耶稣，因为它意在代表耶稣，即使在我看来它一点都不像一个人。

On the basis of summarizing and commenting upon the major studies of semantic orientation of resultative construction in modern Chinese, the paper claims it is insufficient to study semantic orientation of resultative construction only from the literal or formal logic point of view, but rather, researchers should take into account some subjective factors on the part of language users; then, the paper introduces Talmy's cognitive semantic approach to resultative construction; based on his theoretical framework, the present paper further investigates the internal causes of the diversity of semantic orientation of satellites in Chinese,supported with the data analysis; and finally, this paper concludes that it is the semantic and syntactic properties of the verb root that make these diversified semantic orientation possible, and their actual representation is finalized by the language user via different satellites.

本文在对以往动补结构语义指向的主要研究成果进行总结评价的基础上，提出对语义指向的研究不能停留在字面和形式逻辑的层面上，而应结合语言使用者的主观因素或主观经验，也即是认知语义学的观点；其次，系统地介绍了Talmy的认知语义学观点中关于汉语动补结构的重新描述和分析，并在此基础上，着重分析了汉语动补结构多样化的语义指向的内在原因，即，汉语动作动词特殊的词汇化模式(仅包括动作和使动成分在内)中不包含确定动作执行结果的成分，因而须要借助于其卫星成分来表明动作的结果，这个结果可能是规约性的结果，也可能是偶然性的结果，由此呈现出卫星成分的多义性的特点，也就是传统上说的动补结构的语义指向。

Finally, as appropriate ways of presenting awareness information will promote cognition ability and it is difficult to know users editing intention in ubiquitous environment, we present the semantic awareness model based on various types of objects such as graphic and image. Related techniques like sematic maintenance, semantic conflict detection and solution are proposed to provide better awarenss.

最后，针对普适环境下协同编辑意图感知困难及分布式认知中合适的表征形式有助于减少认知难度的特点，提出了基于图形、图像等多编辑实体对象的语义感知模型、语义维持方法、语义冲突检测与解决算法，提供了更高层次感知支撑技术。

This one mode pays close attention to network credence foundation of the businessman very much.

这一模式非常关注商人的网络信用基础。

Cell morphology of bacterial ghost of Pasteurella multocida was observed by scanning electron microscopy and inactivation ratio was estimated by CFU analysi.

扫描电镜观察多杀性巴氏杆菌细菌幽灵和菌落形成单位评价遗传灭活率。