认知

Linear effect was found between RT and display angles when we changed configural information, which indicated the normalization mechanism of configural information was mental rotation.

人脸特征信息的认知绩效在除180度外的其他角度随偏离零度的角度增加而下降，线性关系显著，180度时认知绩效有上升的趋势。

It was suggested:(1) A strikingly strong sensitivity to eye gaze is observed from birth, and eye gaze perception is key to the development of language capabilities and social cognition;(2) The neural basis of gaze perception is the superior temporal sulcus, which is heavily connected with the amygdala implicated in processing emotion, and the STS is an important part of a wider network for social cognition neural systems;(3) Processing on early stage of eyes gaze cueing reveals specific event-related potential component;(4)The eyes gaze cueing effect has been labeled reflexive and likened to orienting in response to peripheral cues, however, it lasts longer;(5) The gaze cueing effect is influenced by many different facets, from lower level configural aspects such as face orientation to higher level cognitive factors. Furthermore, the gaze cueing effect reveals significant sex difference in normal adult population.

结果发现：婴儿从一出生就对眼睛注视线索表现出强烈的敏感性，眼睛注视知觉对语言和社会等能力的发展有很大影响；(2)颞上沟是加工眼睛注视线索的特异神经结构，它与实时监控情绪和情感的杏仁核存在神经联结，成为社会认知神经系统的重要组成部分；(3)对眼睛注视线索的早期加工显示出特异的脑电活动模式；(4)眼睛注视线索效应与外周线索的反射式效应相类似，但持续时间较长；(5)眼睛注视线索效应不仅受面部结构信息的影响，也受自上而下加工等高水平认知因素的调节，并显示出明显的个体差异。

The study of word association makes it possible to reveal the cultural knowledge and assumptions that have been accommodated into peoples cognitive schemata; therefore, it proves that words which equal in two languages denotatively but differ connotatively are the result of different schemata developed in different cultures and encoded in different languages.

词汇联想实验有助于揭示构成人们认知图式的文化知识和文化预设，从而证明具有相同指称意义的词汇在不同的语言中内涵意义不同是由于不同的文化构造了不同的认知图式，而这些文化图式又潜藏在语言深层，成为影响人们观念、情感、审美以及其他行为的无形力量。

A 8×2×3 ( 8 subsistence strategies: agricultural, irrigation, fishing, hunting, forest industrial, city industrial, and trading/man and woman/18- 34 years of age, 35-49 years of age, and above 50 years) ANOVA with covariable(the influences of modernization)revealed significant covariable effect and main effect of subsistence strategy, sex and age in the analysis operation, significant covar-effect and main effects of subsistence strategy and age in the connection operation, significant covareffect and main effects of subsistence strategy in cognitive style.

认知测试分数的8×2×3的ANOVA协方差分析表明，在分析操作水平上存在着显著的组间差异、性别差异、年龄差异和协变量的效应；在综合操作上，存在着显著的组间差异、年龄差异和协变量效应；在认知方式上，存在着显著的组间差异和协变量效应。

This work tries to apply the learning process of the cognition structure defined in Cognitive Psychology to enhance or modify the development of AI, of which the learning models are almost based on trial and error style. However, this kind of learning style is definably given to the experience behavior of stimulus and response in Psychology. Thus, the relative AI models based on such style are design as an experience-adaptation system. For better ones, e.g. evolution-base algorithms, they belonged to the system with more powerful computing power to the dynamical environment. Even so, it was considered not only outside environment but also internal parameter tuning. As for the entire learning process, it has never been enhanced. That is, various original AI models are easily to be developed to their own close-form problem.

本研究企图以认知心理学之认知结构来修正自1956年以来人工智慧之发展，由於人工智慧长期局限於试误学习之低效率学习模式，然而试误学习於传统心理学定义中仅限於刺激与反应之经验行为而已，由此学习模式所建构之任何机器学习，均只能认定为经验之适应模式而已，而较进阶的种类，如演化式计算模型，也只是其能透过电脑强大的运算能力来达成所谓的动态环境下之演化式学习模式，其中演化之特色只是多考虑了外在环境的变化或内在参数的调整，而整个学习流程却没有进ㄧ步修正。

The Cognitive Meaning of Proposition means whether it's true or not. The standards about the cognitive meaning of propositions are five, such as conceivable principle?describable principle?truth principle?confirmed principle and verified principle.

命题的认知意义是指其有无真假可言；判断一个命题是否具有认知意义，有五个不同的标准：可想象性原则，描述性原则，真值条件原则，可证实性原则和印证原则。

Secondly, we will present some variants of the update semantics with dichotomic definition, and thus prove the frame soundness of some epistemic systems and conditional systems with respect to the variants.

其次，我们提出带两分定义的更新语义的某些变种，从而证明某些认知系统和条件句系统相对这些变种有框架可靠性。中山大学逻辑与认知研究所；中山大学哲学系

Summarize above point of view, the netizen is having very strong demand to safety of Internet individual information, but do not have Internet of corporeal and didymous our country however the clarity of sincere letter system is cognitive, the construction of sincere letter system still needs Internet of our country of it serves to show further perfect, teach and raise designation of certificate of netizen logarithm word, tripartite the cognitive degree of these information safety measures, compose builds perfect Internet sincere letter system becomes increasingly pressing.

总结以上观点，网民对互联网个人信息安全有着十分强烈的需求，但却没有形成对我国互联网诚信体系的清晰认知，足见我国互联网诚信体系的建设还需要更进一步的完善，教育和提高网民对数字证书、第三方标示这些信息安全手段的认知程度，构建完善的互联网诚信体系变得日益迫切。

According to the above-mentioned experiments, the study select discriminable data which form discriminant function and make discriminant analysis on the objects (students from junior Grade Two and senior Grade Two, with academic achievements ranging from excellence, ordinariness, to failure) with ten members in each group, which leads to a discriminant system of middle school students with different academic achievements.Ⅳ.

本研究研制和开发了WACOM-2005-1型数码写字板，采用手书运动分析技术，分别选择初二、高二年级学优生、中等生、学差生各12至24人进行研究，从自然手书运动、控制性手书运动、在不同压力状态下的手书运动以及手书运动学习四个方面，通过8个系列实验，探索了左右手、有无视觉参与的自然手书运动特点；定点直线、追随手书的控制性手书运动特点；数字认知压力、汉字认知压力、情绪变化、有无噪音条件下的手书运动特点；手书运动学习的特点。

The results showed that, the accuracy of emotional recognition and preference for emotional judgment did not differ between the dysphoric and nondysphoric individuals. However, the dysphoric individuals tended to respond to non-positive facial emotions with negative cognitive-conceptual and affective schemas.

而在同等脸部情绪之辨识与判断表现的基准上，忧郁倾向个体在面对负向、甚至所有非正向之脸部情绪讯息时，明显展现认知概念与情绪向度上的负向认知基模反应倾向。

Do you know, i need you to come back

你知道吗，我需要你回来

Yang yinshu、Wang xiangsheng、Li decang,The first discovery of haemaphysalis conicinna.

1〕 杨银书，王祥生，李德昌。安徽省首次发现嗜群血蜱。