认知

Cognitive psychology ; cognitive structure ; noctic science ; property polyhedron ; barycentric coordinates ; matriculation.

认知心理学；认知结构；思维科学；性质多面体；重心坐标系；高考分析；非单调推理；知识表示

Cognition ability is the base of composition. The course of composition is one of the ways of cognition development. They depend on each other, help each other forward.

认知能力是作文的基础，作文过程是认知发展的途径之一，二者相互依赖，相互促进。

We use behaviorist techniques. Conversely, if the situation seems to call for cognitivist or constructivist methods, that is what we use.

反过来，如果某一情况下适于认知主义或建构主义的方法，那我们就用认知主义或建构主义的技术。

On the basis of theories of high-level visual processing subsystems and by following Sternberg's element-adding study pattern, serial studies were made to investigate the plasticity of visual cognitive ability in space. The results show that different degrees of plasticity and stability do exist in the cognition processing of visual space. Moreover, plasticity and flexibility in judgments of appearance swirl and quantitative spatial relationship and in command of visual characteristics are found greater in these studies than those obtained by means of appearance scanning, movement inference and judgment of categorical space relation.

视觉空间能力认知可塑性系列研究以高水平视觉加工子系统理论为基础，以斯滕伯格的加因素法为研究范式，通过对视觉空间任务的练习效应与年龄效应的检验表明，视觉空间认知加工中存在着的不同程度的可塑性与稳定性，结果显示出表象旋转、数量空间关系判断和视觉特征提取任务明显要比表象扫描、运动推断以及类别空间关系判断表现出较强的可塑性和易变性特点。

Thinking is generally used to represent intentional and deliberative mental activity. In the cognitive processes, thinking includes the cognitive ability such as reasoning and problem solving. Those abilities help people find effective ways to solve complex problems and adjust the changefully social environment.

思考是用来表示有意图与审慎反思的心智活动，在认知历程中，思考可包括推理与问题解决等认知能力，这些能力使个人在面对复杂困难的问题时，能找到有效的问题解决途径，以适应未来多变的社会环境。

With the development and progress of the society, autonomous learning and characteristic learning become more and more important in the instructional mode of adult education, and the paper-and-pen exam comes to expose its disadvantage like unilateralism and changelessness. We find out in instructional practice that the paper-and-pencil tests usually hard to fit the cognition of adult learner, so it is hard to evaluate accurately and efficiently.

在实际教学中我们发现，传统的笔试方式往往很难适应成人学生的认知特点和认知规律，从而难以保证考试结果作为课程教学效果测评的准确性和有效性；并且，传统笔试形式极大忽略了考试的诊断反馈功能，忽略了考试结果所体现出的教学过程中出现的问题或是教师很难从考试结果中发现问题，因此不能有针对性地改进教学。

They both are one of abstract expressions to geographic space and time. By comparison, the latter is the target of GIS development. Feature classification, which must be based on cognitive classificatory theory, is the key to the latter.

二者都是对地理时空的一种抽象表达，对比分析后认为，基于特征的数据组织更符合人们的思维认知习惯，是GIS数据组织追求的目标；基于特征的数据组织方法的关键是特征分类，特征分类必须以认知分类理论为基础。

It is argued that the Western medicine first impacted Chinese understanding and feeling of their body which are closely linked with their special arrangement and understanding, and then it destroyed the definition of ethics in a traditional Chinese society of acquaintance and brought about a so-called relationship of "clientage" which finally changed China's social structure, whenever it was systematized, cooperating with many other modern institutions.

力求避免仅仅从上层或下层的单一取向观察中国近代变化所带来的局限性。本文认为，西医的进入首先影响到了中国人对身体的认知和感受，这种感受又与中国人对空间安排的认知密不可分，西医的进入破坏了传统中国的熟人社会对人伦关系的界定，而带入了一种称之为"委托制"的关系，这种关系一旦制度化，就与许多现代体制的运作相配合，最终改变了中国的社会结构。

For example, the "social benefit" that the high-tech brands bring to the consumers has been desalinated, the high-tech "black box" exists obviously, company plays an important role in consumers' brain, consumers' cogitation about brand personality is not obvious.

如消费类的高科技品牌带给消费者的"社会性收益"的角色已经淡化，消费者知识存在明显的"高科技黑箱"，企业知识在消费者品牌认知中有重要作用，消费者对高科技品牌个性的认知并不清晰等。

Metaphor is a way of cognition, but it is not the only and the most essential one.

隐喻是一种认知方式，但不是唯一的也不是最主要的认知方式。

Do you know, i need you to come back

你知道吗，我需要你回来

Yang yinshu、Wang xiangsheng、Li decang,The first discovery of haemaphysalis conicinna.

1〕 杨银书，王祥生，李德昌。安徽省首次发现嗜群血蜱。