认定

That is, the judge s psychological progress to the factual cognizance and fact and law s inosculation, according to which the author puts it forward as a factual presumption impersonally.

以上的分析目的是要为裁判者认定事实提供可操作性的意见，文章最后对正确认定事实的保障提出了两点回应：主体上，法官应知法；认识论上，事实认定必须客观化。

And the system of traffic accident identification and remedy remains such defects which lead to the situation mentioned above: Firstly, there is no strict check and appraise measures to qualification of traffic accident judger; Secondly, one identification is the final ruling which may be reckless; Finally, the legal rights and interests of traffic accident parties cannot be guarded effectively and timely due to the present situation of remedy in china.

需要说明的是，在建立交通事故认定行政复议制度的设计上，本人认为应采取可选择性复议前置程序较为妥当；而将交通事故认定纳入到行政诉讼受案范围对其进行司法救济，无论从行政诉讼的立法目的、现行的行政法律规定、交通事故认定所产生的法律后果还是法院对行政案件的审判能力以及对当事人诉权的保护等角度来看，都是十分必要的。

Companies adhere to independent innovation and technical cooperation and the principle of combining the implementation of a high starting point, high input, high-quality technology development strategies, and employ the world's leading enterprise development counseling agencies into a comprehensive international most advanced business management concepts and systems. Guangdong Provincial Government in 2002 was recognized as a private technology enterprises in Guangdong Province, Jiangmen City Hall has been identified as high-tech enterprises; in June 2003 by the Guangdong Provincial People's Government as a high-tech enterprises, Kin Lunda taishan Photoelectric Technology Co., Ltd. is to a simultaneous increase in the size and effectiveness of the model, towards an international well-known enterprises LED direction.

公司坚持以技术合作与自主创新相结合的原则，实行高起点、高投入、高品质的技术发展战略，并聘请国际著名的企业发展辅导机构全面导入国际最先进的企业管理理念和制度。2002年被广东省政府认定为广东省民营科技企业，被江门市政府认定为高新科技企业；2003年6月被广东省人民政府认定为高新科技企业，台山市健隆达光电科技有限公司正以规模和效益同步增长的模式，向着成为国际知名LED企业的方向迈进。

Being one of the earliest certified software enterprises,quite a few of Waygoing's products acquired software copyright and software copyright and software product registered certifications.

伟功自主开发的产品有："HCA软交换系统"、"IP网守系统"、"VoIP电话系统"和"MG媒体网关"、"waygoing网络电话"、"IP多媒体软电话"等，经信息产业部电信研究院等相关权威机构专家的评定，系统及产品已达到国际同类项目的先进水平；一些项目2002年即被上海市科委认定为上海市高新技术成果转化项目，以及获得科技成果认定证书并被纳入上海市政府信息技术创新计划；多项产品获得了软件著作权和软件产品登记证书，是上海市早期认定的软件企业之一。

"It was held in a series of decisions in the Court of Appeal and in the House of Lords under the English Workmen's Compensation Acts that a finding by a County Court judge that a workman was, or was not, employed under a contract of service was a question of fact with which an appellate court could only interfere if there was no evidence to support his finding."

上诉法院及上议院一系列根据英国《劳工赔偿法》的判决中经已认定，郡法院法官裁定工人是根据雇佣合约受雇与否，是一个事实问题的认定，上诉法院只有在没有证据支持该项认定的情况下，方可干预。

The propose of the research is to insist on the view of applying to solve the various confusion in applying at present when present The Doctrine of Equivalents in China by analyzing dispute in applying of DOE; apply the research method of history analysis and compare synthetically, integrate with the case analysis and draw the conclusion: It is necessary to induct The Doctrine of Equivalents to prevent the tortious people filching the benefit of the inventor and confirm whether the infringed people imitated and copied patent on purpose, it is international tidal current to apply DOE in the processing of patent infringement cognizance, and firstly it must ensure the protecting confine by explaining the claim with compromise explain method, the difference of different extent in patent creation also effect the demarcation of equivalent extension; it should apply the rule of comparing factor one by one rather than comparing the whole equivalent in comparison of equivalents, and needs to be confirmed by increasing the assistant means in the processing of patent infringement cognizance by using Triple Identity Test of Graver; contrast and analyze whether they are equivalent depend on the level of the common technicians in relative domain and it is scientific and reasonable to confirm equivalent time standard by infringement date; in judicial practice of equivalent cognizance, it may use the experiences in Japan for reference to solve the cognizance misunderstanding area of reality in the law and the technology; The superabundance designation that may be understood as a display unfair contract because of neglect and materially misunderstanding should be conditionally applied in current time.

研究目的在于通过分析等同原则在适用上的争议，提出我国适用等同原则时应坚持适用的观点，解决目前在适用中的各种混乱局面；运用历史分析和综合比较的研究方法，结合案例分析；专利侵权认定中引入等同原则是必要的，其实质是防止侵权人窃取发明人的利益，被侵权人是否故意模仿或抄袭专利，不影响等同侵权的判定，运用等同原则判定专利侵权已成为世界性的潮流；适用等同原则首先要对权利要求进行解释以确定保护范围，在解释权利要求时应采取折衷的解释方法，不同专利创造性程度的差异也影响着等同范围的划定；在等同物的比较上，应当适用&逐个要素比较&，而不能适用&整体比较&，在适用&三一致&标准进行侵权认定时，还需要增加辅助手段予以确定；是否构成等同，应当以所属领域普通技术人员的水平来对比分析，以侵权日为等同的时间标准是科学合理的；在等同认定的司法实践中，解决法律事实和技术事实认定上的误区，可以借鉴日本的经验；多余指定可以理解为一个因疏忽大意或重大误解而订立的显失公平的合同，应当在现阶段有条件限制地予以适用。

The thesis breaks the definition of the sponsors in the traditional theory of company, combines some countries' legislation and our practices of company and try to straighten out and think over the problem of identity cognizance of sponsors afresh to achieve such a conclusion: it is the solely substantial condition of the identity cognizance to provide the association of the company and sign or seal it while the investment, sub -scription of shares and the execution of the incorporation affairs are excluded because they can not really reflect the substantial characters and connotation.

本文突破传统公司法理论对发起人的界定，结合各国公司立法例以及我国的公司实践，力图对发起人的身份认定问题展开新的梳理和思考，并最终得出这样的结论，即在公司章程上签字或盖章是认定发起人身份的唯一的实质要件。而与此相对应，向公司出资或认购股份、以及执行公司设立事务，由于并不能真正体现公司发起人的实质性特征及内涵，而被排除在发起人身份认定的要件之外。

If a part, provision or clause of this "Solar Modules Limited Warranty", or the application thereof to any person or circumstance, is held invalid, void or unenforceable, such holding shall not affect and shall leave all other parts, provisions, clauses or applications of this "Solar Modules Limited Warranty", and to this end such other parts, provisions, clauses or applications of this "Solar Modules Limited Warranty" shall be treated as severable.

如果本有限担保书的任何部分或任何条款被认定为无效、失效或无法实施，或者该等部分或条款对某些人或某些情况的适用性被认定为无效、失效或无法实施，则此种认定不应影响本担保书任何其他部分或条款或本担保书适用性的效力。本担保书的其他部分或条款或本担保书的适用性仍独立有效。

Starting with the connotation of enterprise consolidation in the sense of Anti-Monopoly Law, the paper evaluates and analyzes various principles on which foreign countries firmly believe that enterprise combination leads to monopoly. And based on the analysis of the rule on such a recognition, the paper conceptualizes the theoretical frame of how to affirm monopoly is made up of enterprise combination in chinas present economic background.

本文以探析企业合并在反垄断法上的涵义为切入点，通过对国外认定企业合并构成垄断的诸原则进行评析，再在研析其有关认定标准的基础上，构思出在我国现有的经济背景下，如何认定企业合并构成垄断的理论构架。

It request to define the defalcated amount must be unified with the defalcators subjective crime and objective situation.etc.

第三部分，提出认定挪用公款数额应遵循的原则：罪刑相适应原则，要求认定挪用公款数额必须与行为人的主观罪过及客观方面相统一；时效与犯罪构成相结合原则，要求首先明确挪用数额，进而确定其量刑幅度，明确其追诉期限；当时当地原则，要求认定挪用公款的数额以挪用行为时和挪用行为地的价值计算。

The absorption and distribution of chromium were studied in ryeusing nutrient culture technique and pot experiment.

采用不同浓度K2CrO4(0，0.4，0.8和1.2 mmol/L)的Hoagland营养液处理黑麦幼苗，测定铬在黑麦体内的亚细胞分布、铬化学形态及不同部位的积累。

By analyzing theory foundation of mathematical morphology in the digital image processing, researching morphology arithmetic of the binary Image, discussing two basic forms for the least structure element: dilation and erosion.

通过分析数学形态学在图像中的理论基础，研究二值图像的形态分析算法，探讨最小结构元素的两种基本形态：膨胀和腐蚀；分析了数学形态学复杂算法的基本原理，把数学形态学的部分并行处理理念引入到家实际应用中。