认定

Author of this article reckons the administrative affirmance of fact is both the liability of administrative organs and the presupposition of specific administrative acts administrative organs should make with but it is liability for courts to review the process of the administrative affirmance of fact and the fact of the administrative affirmance.

笔者认为，事实认定是行政机关的职责，也是行政机关作出具体行政行为的前提，而对行政机关认定事实的过程和认定的事实本身进行司法审查是法院的职责。

As there is the difference between the judicial review about the administrative affirmance of facts in administrative litigation and the review about the affirmance of facts in civil litigation and criminal litigation and there is the difference between the judicial review and the administrative affirmance of facts, on the premise of the necessary respect for the administrative affirmance of facts, courts should, based on whether the process of the administrative affirmance of facts and the putative facts is rational or not, adopt different judicial review standard to the different generic problem of administrative facts .

正由于法院在行政诉讼中对行政机关认定事实的司法审查，有别于刑事、民事诉讼的事实认定，行政诉讼中的事实审查也不同于行政机关的事实认定，因此，法院应当在尊重行政机关对事实问题所作出判断的基础上，以行政机关认定事实过程及其推定的事实是否合理为基点，针对个案具体情形的差异，采用不同的审查标准，对不同类的行政事实问题予以审查。

The approximation theorem of the rough neural network is proved. Then the method is applied to the fault verification of fighter plane, the simulation results show that the rough neural network is efficient.

最后将此方法应用于歼击机的故障认定系统，仿真结果表示，此粗糙神经网络可以很好地对具有区间数的歼击机故障认定系统进行故障认定。

Consequently, the power of free proof of evidence in rule-of-law nations was vested in judicial judges, in order to ensure the proof of facts in a right way in cases, which is called free proof and highly valued in countries of the Continental Law System as "foundations of findings of fact without prejudice, Magna Charta of principles of proof of evidence, and non -convertible choice of evidence system in its evolution".

因此，近代以来，法治国家为了保证具体案件中事实认定的正确，纷纷赋予事实审理者自由判断证据和自主认定事实的权力，由此在诉讼中确立了自由心证制度。在大陆法系国家，这一制度被广泛地誉为"无偏见的事实认定的基石、证据判断原则的大宪章、证据制度进化过程中的不可逆转的选择"。

The determination of normal value is the premise of the determination of dumping. It is also a base of both taking anti-dumping measure and the whole international anti-dumping law. Meanwhile, it determines dumping margin directly.

正常价值的认定是倾销认定的前提条件，是采取反倾销措施、乃至整个国际反倾销法的基础，同时，正常价值的认定还直接决定着倾销幅度的高低。

This paper covers the following items of the crime of corruption: the definiens of corruption crime and the legislative evolution, the subject of corruption, the joint offender, conviction and its limits, legal sentence of corruption crime and legislative suggestions. Meanwhile, some focal points of the academic circle concerning the crime of corruption is interpreted, such as the definiens of corruption crime, conviction of the accomplice, means of calculating criminal amounts. Comparing the advantages and disadvantages of the different, academic points of view. It is there fore necessary to redefine the crime, the act of corruption in a narrow and in broad sense. The author proposes that the criminal liability of the accomplice should be investigated under the principle of joint taking the liability, while distinguishing their respective degrees of taking the liability so as to determine their criminal liability deserving of taking. Corruption crime's legal sentence breaks the three basic principles of the Criminal Law of PRC in nature, i. e. principle of a legally prescribed punishment for a specified crime; principle of suiting responsibility, punishment to crime; principle of equality before the law.

文章论及的内容包括：贪污罪的概念和立法演变，贪污罪的主体认定，贪污罪中的共同犯罪认定，贪污罪与相关犯罪的界限，贪污罪的刑法适用及立法完善；同时文章也对现在学术界争论的焦点问题，如贪污罪的概念、贪污罪共犯认定、贪污罪中各共同犯罪人的犯罪数额的计算，进行了不同学术观点的比较，分析了各种观点的利弊，对于贪污罪的概念重新予以认识，归纳了狭义贪污罪和广义贪污罪；提出在追究共同犯罪人的刑事责任时，应坚持共同负责的原则，同时区分各共同犯罪人在共同犯罪中所起作用的大小，以确定他们应承担的刑事责任；分析了刑法典中贪污罪法定刑设置存在的不足，认为贪污罪法定刑的设置从根本上违反了刑法三大基本原则，即罪行法定原则，罪责刑相适应原则以及刑法面前人人平等的原则，而且贪污罪法定刑的设置还存在其他一些问题，如附加刑包括罚金刑和没收财产刑等设置不当。

With the help of Prof. Wang Zuofu's viewpoint of the modified crime constitution of identity crime in co-crime in his "New study on identity and crime constitution ", the author demonstrates that identity is not the subject element of crime constitution of identity crime in co-crime.

第三部分，笔者在借鉴众多学者的研究成果的基础上，深入的探讨了不同身份者共同实施身份犯的认定；无身份者与有身份者共同实施身份犯的认定；有身份者教唆、帮助无身份者实施犯罪的认定；无身份者教唆、帮助有身份者实施真正身份犯的犯罪的认定等问题。

As a procurator ,I realize deeply that is very important how to confirm state-owned company、public property and authorized state official for cognizance of corruption and peculation.

作为一名反贪办案人员，作者深深认识到如何认定国有公司，在混合型公司财产中如何认定公共财产以及"委派型国家工作人员"如何认定，对于贪污罪和挪用公款罪的认定具有举足轻重的作用。如何正确认识和解决这些问题，正是本文选题的初衷。

It shall keep the technical secretes of the accredited products in accordance with related laws and shall not accroach the scientifical achievements of applying units, nor undertake any research and development or production in the same field of accreditation

认定机构出具产品认定报告对其报告负责，必须依法保守认定产品的技术秘密，不得非法占有申请单位的科技成果，不得从事认定工作范围内的产品研究开发或生产工作。

The author explains his understanding and determination on irregular profit, his meditation on seeking irregular profit in the crime of mediatory accepting bribes, and determination on the formed convenient condition by exploiting one"s office of status, the retiring state personnel"s formed convenient condition by exploiting his office of status ,omer state personnels official acts and responsibility etc .

全文共分为三章，内容包括斡旋受贿犯罪的客体，不正当利益、利用职权或地位形成的便利条件，阐述了不正当利益的理解与认定，&谋取不正当利益&在斡旋受贿犯罪中的定位思考，以及利用职权或地位形成的便利条件的理解、认定，离退休国家工作人员利用职务或地位形成的便利条件的认定，其他国家工作人员的职务行为及责任认定等方面。

The absorption and distribution of chromium were studied in ryeusing nutrient culture technique and pot experiment.

采用不同浓度K2CrO4(0，0.4，0.8和1.2 mmol/L)的Hoagland营养液处理黑麦幼苗，测定铬在黑麦体内的亚细胞分布、铬化学形态及不同部位的积累。

By analyzing theory foundation of mathematical morphology in the digital image processing, researching morphology arithmetic of the binary Image, discussing two basic forms for the least structure element: dilation and erosion.

通过分析数学形态学在图像中的理论基础，研究二值图像的形态分析算法，探讨最小结构元素的两种基本形态：膨胀和腐蚀；分析了数学形态学复杂算法的基本原理，把数学形态学的部分并行处理理念引入到家实际应用中。