计算误差

Continuity equation and motion equation which can be applied to cone-shaped pipes are obtained and finite difference method for them is brought forward.

根据非稳定流的一维流动理论，对圆锥形管道中的瞬变流动进行了分析，推导出了适用于圆锥形管道的连续性微分方程和运动微分方程，给出了这两个方程的有限差分解法，同时对计算结果进行了相对误差的对比分析。

And the computation of pseudo-random numbers was programmed by multiplying the congruent number with the APDL language used. Taking account of the effects of original errors resulting from manufacture and the different working conditions such as rotating speed and load on the dynamic property of a bearing, the K-S inspection was done to determine the distribution of the data resulting from the virtual test and, consequently, the reliability was calculated with respect to the fatigue failure of bearings.

在此基础上，运用APDL语言实现乘同余数法产生伪随机数的计算程序，综合考虑轴承原始制造误差以及转速、载荷等不同工况对轴承动态性能的影响，对轴承进行多次随机虚拟试验，运用K-S检验法确定所获得的实验数据分布，求取轴承疲劳失效的可靠度。

We introduce the basic concepts needed to analyze the estimation error in VC theory by showing the connection between Empirical Risk Minimization consistency and uniform convergence and illustrate necessary and sufficient conditions for the consistency of the ERM principle, that is for the convergence of the minimum of the empirical risk to the minimum of the expected risk.

为了整合最小化经验风险和最小化期望风险理论，我们将藉由最小化经验风险(Empirical Risk Minimization， ERM)及统一收敛性举例说明原理的必要与充份条件，以分析VC计算理论的误差估算所需的基本概念。

Characteristic of contact force and its effect on limit load were investigated between pad and cylinder.

本文采用有限元分析方法对壳体-补强圈之间的接触行为进行了研究，阐述了接触压力的特性以及接触压力对极限载荷的影响，并对计算结果进行了误差分析。4。

Several important matrix function such as e〓, log (1+A), cos (1+A) and A〓 are approximated via truncated matrix continued fractions, and the error bounds associated with the continued fraction approximants of these matrix function are given.

在第六章，我们研究了矩阵函数的数值计算，我们给出了几个比较重要的矩阵函数如e〓，log（1+A），cos与A〓的连分式逼近算法，并给出了各自的误差分析。

On the basis of analysis and comparison of their strengths and weaknesses, each method can find its applied occasion. With energy method, we can conveniently control the precision of the objective surface and add boundary constraints for preserving the models global geometric continuity, but this method is very time-consuming.

其中基于能量原理的光顺方法能够方便地控制目标曲面的精度和边界条件，从而能够实现曲面模型的全局连续性，但是能量法的运算速度还有待提高；刚度调整法实现简单，但是生成的曲面的可编辑性较差；小波分解方法计算速度很快，能够有效地实现数据压缩，但是其逼近误差和边界条件却难于控制。

The relationship between the topology and convegence of networks is approached and the reason causing overtraining and overfitting is analysed. Then the redundant weights and nodes in the network are defined by using improved activity function and a new algorithm called the BPNSO for determining the network structure for any application is proposed, which use dual optimization objective function combining the mean squre error of the network output with network complexity penalty function.

文章对网络拓扑结构与网络收敛性和稳定性的关系进行了探讨，分析了网络出现Overtraining或Overfitting的原因和解决的目标，提出了神经网络结构优化的策略，改进了活化函数，定义了冗余权值和冗余节点的概念，为辨识和删除冗余权值和冗余节点，提出采用优化目标函数中增加网络复杂度罚函数的双重优化目标函数，并对罚因子提出了基于学习误差和权值的自适应动态调整公式，论文定义了这种BP网络结构优化方法为BPNSO，并给出了完整的计算流程。

The birth and evolution of corrugation are studied under the quasi-static condition by elasto-plastic rolling contact method.

波磨的形成是残余应变叠加的结果，忽略残余应变，在重复加载中计算结果会产生较大的误差积累。

Asthe cumulative error in the computer calculation is relatively obvious, thesubvariable grid method is adopted in order to make the calculated resultsaccurate.

对于复杂介质模型在计算机运算中的累积误差相对较大的特点，采用一种微变网格法进行调节，很好的保证了计算结果的精度。

Besides the K-B model, a simplified model to calculate thermal conductivity was advanced which has advantage in reducing operation and cumulative error.

计算热导率可采用K-B模型或者简化模型，后者具有降低运算量，减小误差积累的优点。

However, as the name（read－only memory）implies, CD disks cannot be written onorchanged in any way.

然而，正如其名字所指出的那样，CD盘不能写，也不能用任何方式改变其内容。

Galvanizes steel pallet is mainly export which suits standard packing of European Union, the North America. galvanizes steel pallet is suitable to heavy rack. Pallet surface can design plate type, corrugated and the gap form, satisfies the different requirements.

镀锌钢托盘多用于出口，替代木托盘，免薰蒸，符合欧盟、北美各国对出口货物包装材料的法令要求；喷涂钢托盘适用于重载上货架之用，托盘表面根据需要制作成平板状、波纹状及间隔形式，满足不同的使用要求。