计算误差

Error analysis of digital instruments on their characteristic parts including sample/holder circuit error and analogue/digital convector error was reviewed in this paper. With the help of some examples and data tables, error origins and the synthetic method were discussed.

评价了数显仪特征部分误差分析方法，包括：采样／保持电路、模数转换单元的误差，并通过典型例子和列表数据分析了多种误差源及其综合计算方法。

Theoretically, the error model of maximum direction is more rigorous for describing error of transition curve lines.

给出了以缓和曲线法方向的中误差表示误差带宽的εσ模型，以及以最大方向误差表示带宽的εm模型的计算方法。

At the same time, ambient temperature changes affect the acceleration of the method There is a certain measurement error, but the error of law stronger, from the basic structure, measuring principle, numerical and other aspects of the process of measuring the inclination and measurement system The structure of error correction for analysis.

同时，由于环境温度变化时对加速度计的影响，该方法存在一定的测量误差，但误差分布规律性较强，因此从基本结构、测量原理、数值计算等方面对倾斜度测量的过程和测量系统结构误差的校正进行分析。

The relations between the numbers of measured points and measuring error are found based on least-square method in calculating the geometric paramteters of circle, sphere, plane etc. Furthermore the choice of the number of measured point and their distribution have been recomended instructively.

为了减小偶然误差或消除零件表面形状误差对测量结果的影响，往往多测数点或数十点，本文推导出了使用最小二乘法计算几何参数时，如圆、球、平面等，测量点数与测量误差的关系，对测量点数及测点位置的选择提出了指导性意见。

The second model is based on error in the maximum direction of the curve.

给出了以缓和曲线法线方向的中误差表示误差带宽的εσ模型，以及以最大方向误差表示带宽的εm模型的计算方法。

Experiment Validation of Hydrodynamics Model of Drum Level The experiment rig was designed, and the experiment equipment was also set up. The experiment results show: As the validation of sloshing period under different levels, maximum error between the results of the experiment and the model is within±10%. As the experiment validation of model under in-and-output flux, changing trends of results of the model and the experiment are consistent, though there is some error in sloshing amplitude, the numeric error is within±20%.

2汽包水位水动力学模型的实验验证设计了实验台架，并建立了实验装置，实验结果表明：就不同水位情况下晃荡周期的验证而言，实验结果与模型计算结果之间的数值误差在±10%以内；就有进出口流量的情况下模型的实验验证而言，模型仿真结果的变化趋势与实验结果基本上是一致的，尽管晃荡幅度和相位上还是存在一定的误差，但其数值误差在±20%以内。

From our results we know that the average error of the Lagrange interpolation sequence and the Hermite interpolation sequence based on the Chebyshev nodes in the 1-fold integrated Wiener space equal weakly to the average error of their corresponding optimal approximation polynomial in the 1-fold integrated Wiener space,and as a kind of information-based operation,they have simple form and their recover functions are polynomials,in the 1-fold integrated wiener space,their average error equal weakly to the corresponding minimal information radius whose permissible information operators class is function values.

通过我们的结果可以知道，基于第一类Chebyshev多项式零点的Lagrange插值算子列和Hermite插值算子列在1-重积分Wiener空间下的平均误差弱等价于相应的最佳逼近多项式在1-重积分Wiener空间下的平均误差，并且作为形式简单且恢复函数为多项式的一种信息基算法，其在1-重积分Wiener空间下的平均误差弱等价于相应的以函数值计算为可允许信息算子的最小平均信息半径。

The relationships between absorbance error and absorbance true value for 14 stray light values were further calculated,and the 12 correspording curves were drawn.

下，吸光度误差与吸光度真值的关系，并绘制了12条误差曲线同时对如何使用计算公式和有关的误差曲线、如何控制和选择UVVISS的S.L。

The phylogeny and applied prospect of MES are summarized in the paper. The principle of this system is analyzed from the point of view of acoustics. The surveying and filtering technology of auxiliary parameters, sounding data and the theory of image form, backscatter strength data processing, are researched deeply in the paper. The optimal model of velocity of sound is given. For sound ray tracing, some methods of correction of sound ray curve are developed. At the same time, an ideal model of sound ray tracing is proved and given. The GPS technology is applied for the determination of tide, attitude of vessel. Moreover, some methods are given. As an important topic, the systematic error is discussed in the paper. Some filtering methods are researched in this paper. Based on the current methods of image processing, the procedure and methods are tested and given that adapt to sonar image processing.

本文研究的工作是在总结多波束声纳测深系统的发展历史、应用前景的基础上，从声学角度分析了多波束系统的工作原理；对多波束辅助参数的测定和滤波方法、测深数据的滤波方法、多波束声纳图像的形成机理、图像处理以及最终应用等作了比较深入的研究；得出了适合于多波束精密深度计算的最优声速模型和声线改正模型；提出了 GPS 载波相位定位技术用于多波束辅助参数测量的思想、算法，改善了多波束系统的作业模式；系统地分析了深度数据的误差来源和类型，首次将系统误差作为影响测深精度的主要因素给以研究，并给出了削弱系统误差的方法，提高了深度数据的质量；对多波束声纳图像的形成、处理方法进行了细致的研究，给出了适合多波束图像处理的算法和流程，并从理论和实践上对声纳图像的应用进行了比较全面的研究。

In the process of sequence matching the errors are accumulated. In order to eliminate them, the global error distributing method is proposed based on the wire cloth station foundation. In addition, in order to delete the redundant data and simplify model, the paper proposes the data integration method based on the deleting redundant data on the spatial division in the overlap region.

在序列拼接过程中会产生累积误差，为了消除累积误差，本文提出了基于闭合导线条件的整体误差分配计算方法；此外，为了减少冗余数据、精简建模数据，本文对于拼接后的满足精度的点云数据，提出了在重叠区域先进行空间划分再删除冗余点的数据融合方法并加以验证。

However, as the name（read－only memory）implies, CD disks cannot be written onorchanged in any way.

然而，正如其名字所指出的那样，CD盘不能写，也不能用任何方式改变其内容。

Galvanizes steel pallet is mainly export which suits standard packing of European Union, the North America. galvanizes steel pallet is suitable to heavy rack. Pallet surface can design plate type, corrugated and the gap form, satisfies the different requirements.

镀锌钢托盘多用于出口，替代木托盘，免薰蒸，符合欧盟、北美各国对出口货物包装材料的法令要求；喷涂钢托盘适用于重载上货架之用，托盘表面根据需要制作成平板状、波纹状及间隔形式，满足不同的使用要求。