计算误差

Comprehensively making use of the basic theory, such as Space Analytic Geometry, Gear Meshing Engagement Theory, Method of Mathematical Calculation, Theory for Error Analyzing and Data Processing, the author has established the mathematical models of the new method, which has included the analytic mathematical model for precision orientation, the mathematical model for the ball's diameter and the measuring diameter, the mathematical model about the ball's centre, the calculation model for tooth alignment diviations and the model for tooth alignment error evaluation.

本文综合应用空间解析几何学、啮合原理、计算方法、误差理论与数据处理等有关基础理论，推导建立了新方法的数学模型，包括：确定定位关系的解析法数学模型，测球直径与测量半径的数学模型，测球球心的数学模型，齿向偏差的计算模型以及齿向误差的评定数学模型等。

These formulars are simple and of great accuracy. Therefore, they can be used as another effective method in evaluating the circularity error.

结果表明运用本公式评定圆度误差，精确度高，计算简便，是评定圆度误差的一种新计算方法。

Statistic analysis result shows that the time step is the most important influence factor of simulation precision, and there is relation between simulation error and the setup value of restitution coefficient which the greater the setup value is, the less the simulation error is. Although there is no effect to the total contact time in the course of collision, the value of the time step decides the total contact step, and there is a logarithmic linear correlativity between them.

统计分析结果表明：计算时步是影响模拟精度最重要的因素；模拟误差还同恢复系数的设定值有关，设定值越大，模拟误差就越小；计算时步的大小虽然对碰撞过程的总接触时间影响不大，但是却决定了碰撞过程的总接触时步数，二者之间存在对数线性相关关系

A new calculation model is established using the simulating curves presented by Standing and Katz. The coefficients of the correlation are determined by fitting to the data of Standing and Katz Z-factor chart. The results of the two models are compared, the conclusion can be drawn that the error of LXF model is smaller than that of DAK model.

利用两种模型对不同拟对比温度和拟对比压力组合条件下的天然气偏差系数进行了拟合计算，与理论图版值的误差对比显示，在高温高压条件下LXF模型的拟合结果更优，特别是随着拟对比压力的增加，LXF模型的误差不断减小，因此，该模型更适用于高压和超高压条件下天然气偏差系数的工程计算。

A leave-one-out error bound for SVR is derived in this paper. After the SVR model is obtained for a given set of hyperparameters, the bound can be computed with very little additional work. Considering the properties of the bound, an optimization method based on difference quotient is proposed.

本文针对当前SVR推广误差的估计大多需要较大计算费用的情况，推导出SVR的留一法误差的易于计算的界，这个界在得到学习算法的解后需要很少的额外工作量。

The mathematics model of immediate thermal deformation with mean coefficient of linear thermal expansion and thermal expansivity is built.

理论上建立了平均线膨胀系数同瞬间线膨胀系数计算热变形的误差数学模型，并通过实验论述了精密工程应用中使用平均线膨胀系数计算的工件热变形误差较大，提出广泛使用瞬间热膨胀系数替代平均线膨胀系数是提高机器设备精度的发展趋势。

It is demonstrated that the error of thermal deformation with mean coefficient of linear thermal expansion is more high, so that it is certain trend to use immediate thermal expansivity instead of mean coefficient of linear thermal expansion to improve the instruments accuracy in precision engineering.

理论上建立了平均线膨胀系数同瞬间线膨胀系数计算热变形的误差数学模型，并通过实验论述了精密工程应用中使用平均线膨胀系数计算的工件热变形误差较大，提出广泛使用瞬间热膨胀系数替代平均线膨胀系数是提高机器设备精度的发展趋势。

Then a mixed-programmed method based on MATLAB and VB was introduced to simulate the shafting error model, and the error model was proved by comparing the simulating and calculating result with the spherical trigonometry method, which provides reference for precision analysis and error correction.

采用MATLAB与VB混合编程的方法对该误差模型进行了仿真分析，通过比较仿真结果与单项误差法计算的结果，验证了该轴系误差模型的正确性，为光电经纬仪的精度分析和误差修正提供了参考。

Retroreflector array is used as pseudo phase conjugator in the system. The fidelity of the conjugate wave and matching problem of the retroreflector array and Hartmann-Shack wavefront sensor is discussed. Several data fusion methods are presented in order to having two Hartmann-Shack wavefront sensors control one set of wavefront corrector. The misalignment errors of Hartmann-Shack wavefront sensor and arrangement errors of wavefront sensor and deformable mirror are analyzed. At the same time, numerical work based on the data of practically system, such as 61 element AO system, are done corresponding to the problem respectively and the results are given.The system of CP/CM AO is setup to fulfill all the functions.

针对不同的应用环境，提出了四种CP／CM衍生光路；进行了关键器件——角反射器阵列的保真度分析，给出了角反射器阵列作为伪相位共轭器件，与哈特曼—夏克波前传感器的匹配条件，认为角反射器阵列的布局要与哈特曼波前传感器的微透镜阵列布局完全对应，才能达到最优探测效果；提出了四种双哈特曼传感器控制一套波前校正器的数据融合方式，并逐一进行了分析，认为加修正因子斜率融合和电压融合方式在目前工程中是适用的，并进行了相应的数值模拟；给出了哈特曼传感器自身的调整误差分析过程，得到了误差可通过常规标定消除的判断依据；通过数值计算，得到了常规自适应光学系统和CP／CM系统哈特曼传感器和变形镜的对准误差对系统性能的影响，给出了两种系统对于不同对准误差情况下校正效果的变化情况和相应系统容限；以37单元自适应光学系统为基础，搭建了CP／CM自适应光学系统光路，并完成了系列CP／CM功能实现实验，运用双哈特曼传感器数据融合，成功实现了CP／CM自适应光学系统的闭环实验。

Retroreflector array is used as pseudo phase conjugator in the system. The fidelity of the conjugate wave and matching problem of the retroreflector array and Hartmann-Shack wavefront sensor is discussed. Several data fusion methods are presented in order to having two Hartmann-Shack wavefront sensors control one set of wavefront corrector. The misalignment errors of Hartmann-Shack wavefront sensor and arrangement errors of wavefront sensor and deformable mirror are analyzed. At the same time, numerical work based on the data of practically system, such as 61 element AO system, are done corresponding to the problem respectively and the results are given. The system of CP/CM AO is setup to fulfill all the functions. Through the data fusion of two Hartmann-Shack wavefront sensors, the system runs successfully and realizes the close loop. It lays a good foundation for the application of CP/CM AO. Another aspect of this paper is to expand the working band of Hartmann-Shack wavefront sensor through Frequency Transfer of Nonlinear Optics.

针对不同的应用环境，提出了四种CP／CM衍生光路；进行了关键器件——角反射器阵列的保真度分析，给出了角反射器阵列作为伪相位共轭器件，与哈特曼—夏克波前传感器的匹配条件，认为角反射器阵列的布局要与哈特曼波前传感器的微透镜阵列布局完全对应，才能达到最优探测效果；提出了四种双哈特曼传感器控制一套波前校正器的数据融合方式，并逐一进行了分析，认为加修正因子斜率融合和电压融合方式在目前工程中是适用的，并进行了相应的数值模拟；给出了哈特曼传感器自身的调整误差分析过程，得到了误差可通过常规标定消除的判断依据；通过数值计算，得到了常规自适应光学系统和CP／CM系统哈特曼传感器和变形镜的对准误差对系统性能的影响，给出了两种系统对于不同对准误差情况下校正效果的变化情况和相应系统容限；以37单元自适应光学系统为基础，搭建了CP／CM自适应光学系统光路，并完成了系列CP／CM功能实现实验，运用双哈特曼传感器数据融合，成功实现了CP／CM自适应光学系统的闭环实验。

Breath, muscle contraction of the buttocks; arch body, as far as possible to hold his head, right leg straight towards the ceiling (peg-leg knee in order to avoid muscle tension).

呼气，收缩臀部肌肉；拱起身体，尽量抬起头来，右腿伸直朝向天花板（膝微屈，以避免肌肉紧张）。

The cost of moving grain food products was unchanged from May, but year over year are up 8%.

粮食产品的运输费用与5月份相比没有变化，但却比去年同期高8％。