计算误差

The result shows that the mixed boundary condition can greatly reduce the calculation area without affecting accuracy of the solution.It is followed by the higher accuracy of Dirichlet boundary condition which makes the boundary error greater when measured points is near the boundary, so we must take a sufficiently large border region.The homogeneous boundary condition has relatively large error, but the use of non-triangle poles devices makes apparent resistivity calculation error become small, because of elimination of the effect on potential difference for the infinite boundary. In inversion, in order to save computing time, homogeneous boundary conditions are often used to perform finite element forward calculation.

结果表明，混合边界条件精度最高，可大大缩小求解区域而不影响计算精度，其次是Dirichlet边界条件精度较高，但测点越靠边界误差会越大，必须取足够大的边界区域，齐次边界条件的误差比较大，但如果采用非二极装置，通过电位差计算得到的视电阻率，由于无穷远边界对电位差的影响基本消除，视电阻率计算误差与混合边界条件下的接近，在反演中，为了节省计算时间，经常使用齐次边界条件进行有限元正演。

Simulation results show that, for the fixed sampling frequency, the error rises with the frequency increasing of periodic signal, and decreases with the attenuation time constant increasing of non-periodic signal. The sampling frequency determines the upper limit of appropriate frequency band directly. The research provides the basis for the selection of cutoff frequency in filter design.

仿真结果表明，在采样频率确定时，对于周期信号，计算误差随频率的增加而增大，而对于非周期信号，计算误差随衰减时间常数的增大而减小，采样频率大小决定了插值法用于分布参数模型的适用频带上限，该研究为滤波器设计中截止频率的选择提供了依据。

But the construction drawing budget method can cause the greater difference between the accounting results of development organization and construction organization due to their different accounting errors, different understandings of construction drawing and different dinking modes, which leads to the difficulty in project settling accounts.

但是，由于施工图预算计算起来往往由于预算人员的计算误差和对施工图理解的不同，思维方式的不同，造成建设单位和施工单位计算的结果误差较大，给工程结算造成较大的麻烦。

The method uses an implicit iterative scheme with a hyperbolic sine transformation for the matrix potential, takes the advancing front self-adaptive grid, and resolves problem of too much account in calculation to dry earth's surface by fixed grid method. Results indicate that calculation speed is increased greatly and errors are less than by fixed grid method.

该方法使用了水土势双曲正弦变换的隐式差分格式，并采取了自动向下搜索的空间网格形式，解决了干燥地表固定网格计算量过大的问题，同时计算速度大大提高，计算误差小于固定网格法的误差值。

The error of SIF is discussed too. Then an index to estimate error of SIF is advised. The analysis shows it is a feasible and correct parameter.Size effect, Numerical analysis, Statistical theory, Energy theory, Fractal theory

8在对应力强度因子的计算方法进行评述的基础上，对应力强度因子的计算误差进行了分析，提出了一个使用有限元方法求解应力强度因子的误差指标参数。

In order to reduce calculation error, the frequency distribution of average values is used to compute the mixed distribution's digital features of each component distribution, thereinto, the number of the component distribution is determined by AIC, choose the number that meets the minimum value of AIC as the component number of mixed distribution, and the other parameters are estimated by EM algorithm; Secondly, because each component distribution is corresponding to a kind of major gene genotype, according to the values of the average and variance of the each component distribution, we can use the limit error of the normal distribution to plot each individual into the correspondent component distribution, namely into correspondent major gene genotype. Then we regard each major gene genotype as a treatment level of one-way analysis of variances, and the one-way multivariate analysis of variance is carried out to calculate the covariance matrix of major gene effect, covariance matrix of polygene effect, covariance matrix of environment effect and so on; At last, combining the weights of the each component distribution of mixed distribution, we can calculate the variance of major gene effect, the variance of polygene effect, environmental variance and the genetic gain of the quantitative trait.

为减小计算误差，本研究采用均值的频数分布来计算各成分分布的数字特征，其中成分分布个数根据AIC准则，选择使AIC值达到最小的成分分布个数作为混合分布的成分分布数，分布中其它参数的确定利用EM算法来估计；其次，每个成分分布对应一种主基因基因型，根据各个成分分布的均值和方差，利用正态分布的极限误差将每个个体划分到相应的成分分布中，即相应的主基因基因型中，将每种主基因型作为单因素方差分析的一个处理水平，对其进行单因素的多元方差分析，分别计算主基因效应协方差阵、多基因效应协方差阵、环境协方差阵等参数；最后结合混合分布中各成分分布的权重即各主基因基因型的分离比例，计算主基因效应方差，多基因效应方差和环境方差，以及遗传力等参数，进而计算该数量性状的遗传进展。

But in the numerical calculation process, such as numerical differentiation, if we use these numerical methods inadequately, then it may be induced non necessary numerical error, including round off and truncation error.

因而常必须以值方法替代解析解，但是在值计算的过程中，很容引入额外的计算误差，包括舍位误差与截断误差。

The additional calculation error of measuring gas flow capacity through planimeter calculating av - erage value between differential pressure and static pressure with dual bellows differential pressure flow capacity table is discugsed in this paper .

本文讨论了从双波纹管差压流量卡片上，用求积仪求得差压和静压的平均值计算天然气流量方法所产生的附加计算误差；分析了差压和静压在不同的变化趋势下，附加计算误差的大小和方向；提出了改进和预防的建议。

Three methods and 3 calculating formula were used to choose for concrete operation according to the idea at urine iodine assayed with cerous sulfate reducing reaction by which WHO and ICCIDD draw up the preventive and curative criteria of iodine deficiency.

本文根据&WHO与ICCIDD制定的碘缺乏病防治标准与方法&中硫酸铈还原反应测定尿碘的意图，采用3种方法和3种计算公式对具体操作进行选择，并对原标准对照计算法的不合理以及计算误差对评价尿碘水平的效能进行了探讨。结果表明：（1）方法Ⅰ存在仪器误差，准确度不佳。方法Ⅱ线性关系和准确度较理想，但操作不便计算麻烦。方法Ⅲ线性关系和准确度与方法Ⅱ无差异，操作和计算简便、节约试剂。

The results show that the error of considering the curve of strand as line is less than 2%, through the comparison with the result of FEA and experimental data, the error of principal tensile stress is less than 0.2 MPa, which prove that the precision of the method meets engineering calculation requirement, the method is feasible.

理论分析结果显示，将预应力束的平弯曲线用直线代替产生的误差不超过2%，该公式计算结果与有限元结果及实测数据比较表明，主拉应力的计算误差小于0.2 MPa，结果满足工程精度需要，该方法可行。

Breath, muscle contraction of the buttocks; arch body, as far as possible to hold his head, right leg straight towards the ceiling (peg-leg knee in order to avoid muscle tension).

呼气，收缩臀部肌肉；拱起身体，尽量抬起头来，右腿伸直朝向天花板（膝微屈，以避免肌肉紧张）。

The cost of moving grain food products was unchanged from May, but year over year are up 8%.

粮食产品的运输费用与5月份相比没有变化，但却比去年同期高8％。