计算能力

This article introduces the concept, characteristics and recent development of cloud computing, then take university resource sharing in our country for example, and discuss the revolution in the university information resource sharing, which is brought by the technology and methods of cloud computing. And it is tried to seek some methods in improving information resource utilization rate by building up interscholastic cloud computing networks.

文章在介绍云计算概念、特点及最新发展的基础上，以我国高校信息资源共享为例，探讨了云计算技术与方法为改善高校信息资源共享能力带来的变革，并试图探寻建设起校际间云计算网络提高信息资源利用率的方式。

To be successful in the subject you need to be able to think logically, and be creative, numerate, and analytical.

为了能在化学上取得成功，你需要具备能有逻辑地思考问题的能力，同时还要有创造能力、计算和分析的能力。

The pumping storage and supply ensuring line of the two lakes in permissibility of system pumping capacity has been obtained based on the historical and generated series for sufficiently using pumping capacity of every time interval and reducing system water deficit due to pumping capacity limitation.

为充分利用各时段的提水能力，减少因提水能力限制而造成的系统缺水量，根据微山湖、骆马湖历史序列和生成序列，推求两湖在系统提水能力允许下的抽蓄保供线，计算各运行方案的系统响应值，生成非劣解集。

At present, more and more largetonnage ship is built with the development of ship industry, the forcebetween hull and slipway increased, some existent shipyard is not capableof building large ship. Besides, the damage of sh'ip structure and slipwaywere also reported. But the existed method for calculating ship launchingcan not solve it efficiently, so it is important to calculate shiplaunching precisely and take measure to preclude such accident.

目前随着船舶工业发展，建造船舶吨位越来越大，船体和船台之间的受力也随之增大，造成原有船台的设计能力有时已不能满足建造大型船舶需要，在实际生产过程中已有船体局部结构和船台不同程度损坏的报道，而现有的下水计算方法在有关船体和船台受力计算方面显得不够准确，如何准确进行计算并采取相应的措施来防止这类问题发生显得十分重要。

On the basis of Ergun equation modified by Yoon and Kunii,the moving bed flow of solids with wide range particle in standpipe is calculated.

用Yoon 和Kunii修正的移动床厄贡方程，对宽筛分颗粒在立管中的流动进行了计算，计算结果与试验结果相一致，试验中发现，只要知道宽筛分颗粒的分级速度，便可用Yoon和Kunii修正的厄贡方程计算出宽筛分颗粒的料封能力。

The regulation of gene expression is to have relations to the assembly of the DNA binding proteins which bind to DNA to initiate the transcription. Some of these proteins have the ability to promote bending or looping of DNA. The FIS protein regulates gene expression in Escherichia coli by this property of bending DNA. There are many researches to discover the mechanism of FIS protein binds to DNA. However the experiment data only show the supposititious results and figure out the model of FIS-DNA complex structure. This research uses molecular dynamics simulation to compute the detail of the interaction between FIS and DNA. We observed FIS prominently affects the DNA bending by the type of local bending. Analyzing the DNA structure properties, roll and slide, also demonstrates the local bending type and region. The hydrogen bonds between FIS and DNA are analyzed to compare with the experiment data. Finally we compute the binding free energy between FIS and DNA to estimate the result of simulation and compare with the value of λ-repressor-DNA complex.

基因的表现与结合於DNA促使DNA转录作用起始的DNA结合蛋白组装有关，一些这类的蛋白质具有促使DNA扭曲或将DNA形成环状的能力，FIS蛋白质即是藉由扭曲DNA的特性调控大肠杆菌基因的表现，目前已有很多的研究发现FIS与DNA结合的机转，然而这些实验的数据仅能显示推测性的结果，进而利用这些结果推论出FIS与DNA聚合体结构的模型，本研究利用分子动态模拟的方式计算FIS与DNA交互作用的细节，我们观察到FIS主要影响DNA的扭曲方式为DNA区域扭曲的类型，并且分析DNA结构特性roll与slide也指出扭曲方式为区域扭曲与其扭曲的区域，我们也分析FIS与DNA之间的氢键，并且与实验的资料作比较，最后我们计算FIS与DNA之间的结合自由能评估模拟的结果，并且计算出的值和λ-repressor与DNA聚合体结构的实验值作比较。

Based on the above study, a program is developed which calculate the modeled subgrid stresses, and is applied to simulate the turbulent flow in a plane channel. The computational result is compared with the data extracted form a DNS database, and the agreement is satisfactory. A numbers of physical phenomenon has been reproduced in the simulation, including hairpin vortex and counter-rotating rolls in near wall region, intermittent vortex structure, the maximum of pressure clustering in wall area and the high-speed fluid sweep into the low speed fluid, and the ability of the LES to simulate turbulent flow is well shown.

在对LES技术学习掌握的基础上，编制了亚网格模型的计算程序，在三维平板通道流动的具体计算中应用大涡模拟技术，并与DNS计算结果进行了比较，得到了满意的结果，三维通道中的重要流动现象被很好的预示出来，包括近壁面的发卡涡，对旋涡，间歇猝发涡结构，压力最大值向壁面的倾斜，高速流体对近壁面流体的下扫，卷掠等，显示了大涡模拟技术对湍流流动模拟的能力。

It will consume lots of CPU time and hard disk space of computer in calculating the ultimate torsional moment of a hull girder by using FEM, especially for the complex structure. The ultimate torsional moment of box thin-walled beam is analyzed by using finite element method. The influences of different characteristic parameters on the ultimate torsional strength are extensively studied.

在船体梁扭转极限承载能力的有限元计算中，对於比较大而且形状复杂的结构，需要采用足够多的单元数来模拟其真实的破坏模态，因而会耗费大量的CPU计算时间和硬盘空间，并且往往因为单元数太多而使数值计算变得不现实。

The article adopted a new filtering-cloud composing technology used to monitoring drought,analyzed the property of Ts—NDVI characteristic space and the TVDI's indicating drought ability, put forward the TVDI compute model, grade standard, and the impact estimation method. The result indicated: 1 the decade-composed data obtained by the maximum surface temperature principle has better ability than the composed data obtained by the maximum NDVI on monitoring drought; 2 in the Ts-NDVI characteristic space,the dry side and the wet side almost are horizontal lines when the NDVI is on the small side, the temperature difference is about 45℃; 3 the TVDI has inequable level on monitoring drought as its value, the less TVDI indicates without drought occurrence, the bigger TVDI shows the drought certainly happened, the unsure drought conclusion mainly comes from the middle TVDI; 4 the monitored results of Sichuan hot-drought in 2006, obtained by the remote sensing and by the climate index, are basically consistent, the estimating error on the bearing drought crop area and on the drinking trouble population is within 10%.

采用了干旱监测合成滤云新技术，分析了Ts—NDVI特征空间属性和TVDI指数干旱监测能力，提出了四川伏旱TVDI计算模型、分级标准、和影响评估方法，结果表明：1按最大地表温度原则得到的旬合成数据比按最大植被指数原则得到的旬合成数据具有更强的旱情监测能力；2在Ts—NDVI特征空间中当NDVI较小时干湿边几乎同为水平直线，两者相差约45℃；3TVDI指数因其大小不同而对旱情的监测能力也不一样，较小时说明没有干旱发生，较大时则一定有干旱发生，中间段对干旱的监测具有不确定性；42006年四川伏旱遥感监测与气候监测结果基本一致，农作物受旱面积与饮水困难人口数估算误差在10%以内。

Hypercube has many advantages, such as smaller diameter, simple routing algorithm, many parallel paths between any two nodes, and fault-tolerance, on the other hand that the Hypercube nodal degree increased logarithmetically to the number of nodes has limited network population. So we propose a constant nodal degree hierarchical topology to remedy the weakness of Hypercube and take advantages of Hypercube most. Given the definition of FCCN we analyse the basic properties including nodal degree , number of links , extensibility and diameter (maximum network communication delay). Also we proposed a simple and self-routing algorithm applied in FCCN. Although the self-routing algorithm is not optimal, but at more than 82% case it can get the shortest path, and the percent is larger and larger increased with network levels. By the self-routing algorithm the internodal distance is calculated to evaluate the network communication delay more clearly. The average internal distance is in order of the cubic root of the network population that is almost same as logarithmetically relation in a few thousands. FCCN is a highly scalable network due to its recursive construction.

首先在比较了基本互连网络的基础上，看到超立体网络的杰出性能，包括网络直径小、寻路算法简单且为自寻路算法、容错能力好等等，但是由于其节点度随网络的规模的增加而按对数关系增长，使得超立体网络的应用规模受到极大限制，所以为了能最大限度利用超立体网络的优点的同时弥补其节点度方面的不足，作者提出了节点度等于常数4的FCCN网络结构，来最多地利用立方体网络的优点；然后在对FCCN网络进行严格的定义后，分析了网络的节点度、链路数、延伸特性、网络的直径（决定网络的最大通讯延迟）等，并提出了适于FCCN网络的简单的自寻路算法，计算自寻路算法可得到最短路径的比例，看到在多于82％以上的情况自寻路算法都是最优的，而且比例随网络层数的增加而增加；应用所提出的自寻路算法计算了可以更加准确反映网络通讯延迟的参数—网络平均节点距离，计算得到此参数与网络大小的立方根成正比，此比例关系在网络的规模在几千节点以内与对数关系的网络几乎一样；FCCN网络是一高度可扩展结构，这是因为FCCN的递归构成方式，使得网络在增加节点时其原有的拓扑结构可以保持不变，不需对网络进行重新设计，为网络的实用扩展提供了条件；理论分析得出FCCN网络是一种高度可扩展高性能网络的结论。

The split between the two groups can hardly be papered over.

这两个团体间的分歧难以掩饰。

This approach not only encourages a greater number of responses, but minimizes the likelihood of stale groupthink.

这种做法不仅鼓励了更多的反应，而且减少跟风的可能性。