计算能力

Significant improvements to the TOPMODEL were made on the distributed computation of runoff yield in the mesh scale which is equivalent to that of DEM in one hand,and an isochrones hydrograph was calibrated from rainfallrunoff observations for watershed convergence simulations on the other hand.These improvements were made to enhance the simulation ability of the TOPMODEL,meanwhile to extend the model′s adoptability in rainfallrunoff simulations to middle and large scale watersheds.

考虑到流域地形、下垫面条件及流域气象条件的空间差异性，将TOPMODEL的产流计算细化到每个栅格，以改进模型的分布式计算，并在考虑地形坡度影响的情况下，根据降水-径流资料优选出的参数率定等流时线、利用率定的等流时线进行流域的汇流计算，以提升TOPMODEL在中、大尺度流域模拟演算的能力。

Collazo is a classy boxer who is well able to fire excellent combinations and function well as a clever counter puncher, but come Saturday I believe those assets will not be sufficient to save Luis from the buzz saw pressure that Hatton will put on him. Frankly, I just don't think that he has the kind of firepower that will disturb Hatton more than a tiny tad. Let us not for one moment deny Collazo his skills, but that boxing ability is never what this fight is going to be about; the real question here is ''who is the tougher man?

可那佐，是个优秀的拳手，他能引爆炸药，同时也能想像聪明的数字穿孔者进行精确计算，，但是有些周6 ，我相信这些能力不足以把刘易斯从哈顿施加给他的压力的难堪中解救出来，坦白的说，我不认为他有能力给予哈顿比小孩还强得打击能力，如果我不考虑考纳佐的地技术，而是这场比赛的能力，真正的问题是谁是最强悍的人？

The objective to this dissertation is to develop and present models and methods for evaluating the transmission transfer capability of the interconnected power systems based on the continuation method.

本文以连续型方法为基础，对大型互联电力系统区域间输电能力问题进行了全面、系统而深入的研究，为大型互联电力系统区域间输电能力的分析与计算及揭示影响系统输电能力的敏感因素，探索提高系统区域间输电能力的措施提供了一套现实可行的新方法。

The wall has no support during the construction stage and the calculationbased on the national standard GB 50018-2002 (Technical code of cold-formedthin-wall steel, structures) should be reliable and safe. The crankle destabilizationof the studs with cold-formed channel section should be taken into account whencalculating the load-carrying capacity. The warpings at both ends of the sectionshould be calculated without any constraint when converting the crankledestabilization into the slenderness rationλ_w.

墙体在施工阶段基本为无墙体支撑，此时，按现行国标《冷弯薄壁型钢结构技术规程》(GB 50018-2002)规定计算是可靠、偏安全的，在计算其承载能力时应考虑单轴对称冷弯卷边槽钢截面立柱弯扭失稳，在计算立柱弯扭失稳换算长细比λ_w时，截面两端翘曲宜按不受到约束条件计算。

In the third part, the theory of thrust angle and unbalanced forces is studied andapplied to Xiluodu arch dam. some conclusions are obtained :(1) The thrust angle issmaller by elaso-plastic computation than elastic computation. For the non-linearcomputation, the thrust angles at different elevations all increase during overloading,which reveals the internal mechanism of good performance of arch dam in conditionof overloading;(2) The elaso-plastic theory always minimizes the actual unbalancedforces in the sense of a condition number in the norm ofcomplementary energy.

第三部分，通过对溪洛渡拱坝拱端推力角及不平衡力的研究，得出如下结论：(1)非线性计算较弹性计算的推力角大；对于非线性计算而言，拱坝超载过程中各高程段的推力角均有所增加，这反映了拱坝具有较高超载能力的内在机制；(2)在总余能范数的意义上，按弹塑性本构关系确定的不平衡力或加固力是最小的，弹塑性计算确定的加固力和真解相比偏于安全。

Deficiency existed in the present calculation method of loan repayment period of fixed assets expenditure is analysied combining with a actual example. New idea and formula of calculating the peiod for each year is suggested. The result calculated in this formula can really show redeemability of the project.

结合实例分析了现行建设项目固定资产投资借款还期计算中存在的不足；提出了分别计算各年的借款偿还期的思路和计算公式，计算结果能较真实地反映项目的清偿能力。

In this paper,a three dimensional elastic plastic hydrodynamical numerical method and the code MEPH3D using this method which can be used on high speed impact problems are introduced.

介绍一种可用于高速碰撞问题数值模拟的三维弹塑性流体动力学数值计算方法，以及应用该方法研制的应用软件MEPH3D，并给出了一些高速碰撞问题的数值计算结果，计算结果表明该程序具有计算三维高速碰撞问题的能力。

The new circumstances that the discrete manufacturing enterprise is confronted with are analyzed; the function and configuration of production system is expounded; the research actuality and contents about production system capacity in the discrete manufacturing enterprise are summarized; the main research contents in this paper are developed.2. The calculating and analytical methods about production system capacity are studied systemically, a model to calculate rough-cut capacity instantly in "excel" table style is designed, the means to analyze production capacity in different production mode are brought forth, and the balance tactics of production capacity versus load are put forward.3. The application characteristics used in production system about the methods of Computer simulation and CRP in the MRPII/ERP are analyzed and compared; the advantages of Computer simulation method are pointed out; and the simulation researches aiming at production system capacity are implemented by Ithink simulation software.4. A simulation model is founded under the analysis of production system capacity in the production system background of a firm; the change instances of yield, output rate and WIP in the production system are simulated by the action of procurement cycle, machining time, setup time and so on. 5. The change instances of production capacity in the assembly stage are simulated , and rational employees are obtained.

本文主要进行了以下几个方面的研究：1、分析离散型制造企业面临的新情况，阐明生产系统的功能和结构，对离散型制造企业生产系统生产能力的研究内容和现状进行分析，提出本课题的主要研究内容。2、在系统地研究生产系统生产能力的计算和分析方法后，设计了用Excel表快速计算粗能力的方法；给出不同生产方式下的产能分析方法，并提出产能与负荷平衡的策略。3、比较和分析了MRPII/ERP的能力需求计划方法与计算机仿真方法在生产系统中的应用特点，指出计算机仿真方法的优势，并用Ithink仿真软件对企业生产系统生产能力进行了仿真研究。4、以A公司的生产系统为背景，在对生产系统生产能力分析的基础上建立了仿真模型，模拟了在采购周期、加工时间、调整时间以及返工率、废品率、机械开工率等因素作用下生产系统的产量、产出率和在制品数量的变化情况。5、研究在装配阶段生产能力的变化情况，通过仿真优化后确定合理作业人员数量。

The main research contents are as follows:1. Through massive calculation, analysis and comparison, sum up the similarities and differences between the special-shaped cross sections and rectangular cross sections in mechanical features, between reinforced concrete special-shaped columns and rectangular columns in load-bearing capacity, ductility performance and provide necessary basic concepts and data for further understanding the characteristics of the special-shaped columns;2. Through massive elastic calculations and elasto-plastic analysis, under the preconditions of satisfying the code's requirements for axial compression ratio, limit value of lateral displacement and load-bearing capacity of normal section,oblique section and beam-column joint, under circumstances of different intensity of earthquake, structure dead weight, sort of site and column grid bay dimension, the variation regularity of maximum suitable height of structure, and thus sum up the maximum suitable height of structure for code for the purpose of macro-control while deciding the design scheme;3. Make a preliminary study on the stress feature of reinforced concrete special-shaped column and Z-shaped column of which the ratio of limb length to limb thickness is between 4~5 ,and the preliminary design method is suggested;4. Through elato-plastic time history dynamic analysis of typical projects, check up the weak storey of the special-shaped column structure and yielding, breaking and collapse mechanism to satisfy the earthquake resistant requirement to buildings of remaining stand under strong earthquake;5. Derive for project use simplified calculation formula of vibration period, suitable vibration period, suitable rigidity of special-shaped column structure through theoretical analysis, and provide an easy and practical method for deciding the structure scheme economically, safely and reasonably;6. Based on the study achievements in theory and massive analysis and calculations of this paper, sum up the regularities of inner force, deformation of special-shaped column structure and seismic conceptual design, and thus the suggection of seismic design of special-shaped column structures is presented.

本文研究的主要内容如下：通过大量的计算、分析和对比，总结出异形截面与矩形截面在力学特性、钢筋混凝土异形截面柱与矩形截面柱在承载能力、延性性能等方面的异同，为深入了解异形截面柱的特点提供必要的基本概念和数据；通过大量的弹性及弹塑性计算分析，在满足规程对轴压比、侧移限值及正截面、斜截面、节点承载力抗震验算要求的前提下，在不同抗震设防烈度、结构自重、场地类别及柱网开间尺寸情况下最大适宜高度的变化规律，并在此基础上总结归纳出异形柱结构的最大适用高度规定，可用于规程，以便于在确定方案时起到宏观控制的作用；对肢长与肢厚比在4～5的钢筋混凝土异形截面柱及Z形柱的受力特点进行初步探讨，提出初步的设计方法；通过对典型工程的弹塑性动力时程分析，检验异形柱结构的薄弱层及屈服、破坏、倒塌机制，以达到建筑物大震不倒的抗震设防要求；通过理论分析，推导出异形柱结构自振周期，以及适宜自振周期、适宜刚度的工程实用简化计算公式，为经济、安全、合理地确定结构方案提供简便实用的方法；在本文理论分析、计算以及大量的研究成果基础上，总结归纳出异形柱结构内力、变形的规律及抗震概念设计内容，并在此基础上提出异形柱结构的抗震设计建议。

Secondly, it aimed the research on model and method of railway large-sized passenger terminals emergency capability assessment. It designed the emergency capability assessment index system including the MECE principle during the design. After in-deep studied the hierarchy entropy analysis method to dealing with the weight, it calculated the weights of the emergency capability assessment indexes. And it studied the risk assessment model based on the set-valued statistics and fuzzy comprehensive evaluation model, proposed the emergency capability assessment model based on the risk. During the research on the fuzzy comprehensive evaluation model, the paper improved the circular distribution subordinate function to calculate the index membership.

其次，对铁路大型客运枢纽站突发事件应急能力评价的模型和方法进行了研究，建立了应急能力评价指标体系，提出了MECE评价指标设计原则；深入研究了确定指标权重的层次熵分析法，并计算出了铁路大型客运枢纽站突发事件应急能力评价指标权重；构建了集集值统计风险评价模型和模糊综合评价模型于一体的风险应急能力评价模型，并在模糊综合评价研究中，改进了确定单指标隶属度的圆形分布隶属函数法。

The split between the two groups can hardly be papered over.

这两个团体间的分歧难以掩饰。

This approach not only encourages a greater number of responses, but minimizes the likelihood of stale groupthink.

这种做法不仅鼓励了更多的反应，而且减少跟风的可能性。