计算的

This paper puts forward a numerical model, a parallel operator splitting-up implicit iterative scheme, parallel arithmetic program, parallel arithmetic information and alternating-direction mesh subdivision.

从生产实际出发，提出数学模型，构造大规模精细并行计算的耦合算子分裂隐式迭代格式，设计了并行计算程序和并行计算的信息传递和交替方向网格剖分方法。

The methods of parametric calculation and circuit equation calculation are also introduced.

阐述了超高压电压互感器冲击电压分布计算的电路模型、参数计算和电路方程计算的方法，计算了三种不同结构的模型，并就这些结构的特点对冲击电压分布的影响进行了比较。

There are many ways to calculate GPS satellite azimuth and elevation, but the precision is low. A new method to decide GPS satellite position using the broadcast ephemeris is presented, the way to checkup the precision is also given, and some research are made to analysis the error feature of the position which is calculated by the broadcast ephemeris as well, the results show the error is periodic.

GPS卫星高度角、方位角计算方法众多，但精度低；针对这点，提出了一种利用广播星历计算卫星高度角、方位角的方法，对该方法能够达到的精度提出了鉴定的途径，并分析了利用广播星历计算卫星高度角以及方位角的误差特点，结果表明利用广播星历计算的卫星高度角、方位角呈现出周期性变化的规律。

A new method to decide GPS satellite position using the broadcast ephemeris is presented, the way to checkup the precision is also given, and some research are made to analysis the error feature of the position which is calculated hy the broadcast ephemeris as well, the results show the error is periodic.

GPS卫星高度角、方位角计算方法众多，但精度低；针对这点，提出了一种利用广播星历计算卫星高度角、方位角的方法，对该方法能够达到的精度提出了鉴定的途径，并分析了利用广播星历计算卫星高度角以及方位角的误差特点，结果表明利用广播星历计算的卫星高度角、方位角呈现出周期性变化的规律。

On the basis of comparison of several algorithms of the calculation of unstable resonator"s mode. Fast Fourier transform method is chosen in this paper. The model of multi-layer distribution of gain is established. Sampling granularity in real space used in FFT, quotient of guard band and distance between subsections are made certain respectively. The convergence criterion of root-mean-square of plural y which is the quotient of the optical field"s distributions separated by one pass is established. Under the circs of multi-kind of distribution of gain and different measurement of distortion, the output optical field distribution is calculated.

在比较了各种计算腔模方法的基础上，根据角谱传播理论，选择FFT算法，建立谐振腔内多层增益分布模型，分别确定了FFT算法的空间采样间隔、保护带系数和分段计算的距离，选取光场往返一次之比的均方根值收敛准则，计算多种增益分布、不同镜面变形时的谐振腔输出光场分布，同时计算该光场的远场分布和传输有限距离之后的分布。

At the same time,it designed the project of construction supervision and measure aimed at the strengthening bridge by external presttessing,through the contrast between the result in theory and fact,we can see that it is feasible to use predigestion's computing based on elasticity to analyse continuous rigid frame briges reinforced by external presttessing ,and it can ignore the effect of the second stress. So, it can be capable of the analyses in the strengthening bridge by external presttessing using the method of controlling by flexibility and stress to set up the model of scathe,and,the method of external presttessing can ensure stress reserve of the main beam, to reduce effectively PrinciPal tensile stress, to renew line state of bridge structure and gradient. The effect of strengthenment was obvious and the reinforcement scheme was successful.

同时，进行了该桥体外预应力加固监测方案设计，并通过理论计算结果与实际监测成果的比较，验证了在施工阶段及正常使用阶段，大跨连续刚构体系的体外预应力加固计算中忽略二次应力增量的影响，采用弹性分析方法进行简化计算的可行性，进而说明采用双控拟合方法建立的结构损伤模型能够满足体外预应力加固计算的要求，并且体外预应力加固法能够显著增大主梁的应力储备、有效地减少了主拉应力、恢复了桥面线形和坡度，加固效果明显，加固方式成功。

By getting over the state of the art about the technique of the tailrace tunnel with sloping ceiling, the research contents and study ways and means are put forward, and the importance to research is explained.

第二章：主要论述了变顶高尾水洞的工作原理、体型设计和适用条件以及过渡过程计算的数值计算模型，重点在于数学模型的建立与分析，明满流交替现象中选择了合理的计算模型和计算方法；第三章：着重介绍了向家坝变顶高尾水洞方案模型试验的研究内容和主要结果。

By getting over the state of the art about the technique of the tailrace tunnel with sloping ceiling, the research contents and study ways and means are put forward, and the importance to research is explained.Chapter 2 introduces the working principle of the tailrace tunnel with sloping ceiling. And the design of body type, appliance condition and the numerical model for transient process are illuminated.

第二章：主要论述了变顶高尾水洞的工作原理、体型设计和适用条件以及过渡过程计算的数值计算模型，重点在于数学模型的建立与分析，明满流交替现象中选择了合理的计算模型和计算方法；第三章：着重介绍了向家坝变顶高尾水洞方案模型试验的研究内容和主要结果。

This paper presents a static model and the corresponding method for calculating the railway track strength.

轨道强度计算；本文提出一个轨道强度计算的静力模型和相应的计算方法。

The proper models, such as Chao-Seader model, are chosen to caculate physical properties parameter so that physical properties caculation can be simplified and has good accuracy, tridiagonal matrix method is used to solve process modes. Normalization algorithms is improved.

模型以经典经验公式与操作员经验相结合估算精馏塔效率；选择Chao—Seader模型计算物性参数使物性计算简洁并达到较高精度；应用三对角矩阵泡点法求解过程模型；改进归一算法，提出CMB法与θ法相结合的新型归一算法提高了模型计算的收敛性与快速性。

The absorption and distribution of chromium were studied in ryeusing nutrient culture technique and pot experiment.

采用不同浓度K2CrO4(0，0.4，0.8和1.2 mmol/L)的Hoagland营养液处理黑麦幼苗，测定铬在黑麦体内的亚细胞分布、铬化学形态及不同部位的积累。

By analyzing theory foundation of mathematical morphology in the digital image processing, researching morphology arithmetic of the binary Image, discussing two basic forms for the least structure element: dilation and erosion.

通过分析数学形态学在图像中的理论基础，研究二值图像的形态分析算法，探讨最小结构元素的两种基本形态：膨胀和腐蚀；分析了数学形态学复杂算法的基本原理，把数学形态学的部分并行处理理念引入到家实际应用中。