计算电路

It is related to the variational inequality problem, bilinear programming, nonlinear equation. So there is actual meaning and theories value to study how to solve it.In recent years, many algorithms for solving the generalized linear complementarity problem are put forward. But they basically belong to the traditional iterative methods, and may not be efficient since the computing time required for a solution is greatly dependent on the dimension, structure of the problem and the complexity of the algorithm used. Different from the traditional algorithms, the neural network has many advantages on calculations and real-time applications for its inherent massive parallelism and electric circuit implementation.

近年来，人们对广义线性互补问题提出了许多算法，但这些方法基本上属于传统的迭代法，由于它们的计算时间极大地依赖于问题的规模、维数以及所使用的算法，因此很难满足实时并行的要求，与传统数值方法不同，由于内在的并行分布处理信息的特点及电路实现的潜能，神经网络有着许多计算上的优势和实时性的应用，自Hopfield提出著名的人工神经网络模型-Hopfield神经网络，并将其成功应用于优化问题后，用神经网络求解优化问题得到了相当深入的研究，并取得了许多重要的成果。

And from the development of automatic block both at home and abroad, the frequency type automatic block and cab signal seem to be the best.

从满足轨道电路的四条基本要求出发，作者提出使用不同信号周率时的比较标准和计算公式，列出计算结果和曲线，说明频率式自动闭塞和机车信号采用亚音频的周率范围最为合宜。

According to the instantaneous value of transmission line voltage, the current instantaneous values of shunt reactors and 17 equivalent circuit capacitance can be calculated.

由线路电压瞬时值分别实时计算出流入并联电抗器和流入线路Ⅱ型等值电路两侧电容的电流瞬时值，再从线路每侧电流除去这两部分电流，用得到的新电流瞬时值作常规采样值差动和故障分量采样值差动保护计算。

This paper discusses a method, which can be used to approximately calculate the equivalent resistance and to approximately calculate the efficiency of different topologies. It could benefit a lot in designing DC-DC converters.

本文提出了一种近似计算等效电阻的方法，其原理是将变换器中各元件的损耗之和等效为输出电阻的损耗，可以简便计算变换器的效率，有助于选择合适的电路。

Optimal algorithm of combined nonlinear Hopfield network appears powerful validity in solving nonlinear planning, which includes nonlinear objective function, linear constrains and high-demension of decision-making variants, for its ability of nonlinear parallel computation. It is prominent among optimal algorithms because of its function of simply implement with electrocircuit hardware. Genetic algorithm is expressly suitable for optimal calculation regarding the planning of massive, highly nonlinear, inconsecutively differentiable and multiobjective function as well as objective function without analytical expression. However, it inclines to prematurity, as well as its limitation in ability of partial optimal search. Introducing the optimal algorithm of niche genetic simulated annealing to standard Genetic algorithm, can therefore improve the full-scale or partial search ability of Genetic algorithm effectively. It has a far-flung perspective in the field of systemic planning of water pollution control.

组合式非线性Hopfield网络优化算法所具有的非线性大规模并行计算能力在求解具有非线性目标函数、线性约束条件及高维决策变量的非线性规划问题方面显示出了强大的生命力，它易于电路硬件实现的功能更是在优化算法中独树一帜；遗传算法采用概率搜索技术，不受目标函数与约束条件的限制，特别适合大规模、高度非线性的不连续可微的多峰目标函数及无解析表达式的目标函数的规划问题的优化计算，但其存在容易早熟、局部寻优能力较差等缺点，本文在标准遗传算法中引入小生境技术及模拟退火算法有效地改善遗传算法的全局和局部搜索性能，提高了全局最优解的寻优质量，小生境遗传退火模拟优化算法在水污染控制系统规划中的应用前景极为广阔。

Starting from the steady-state performance of three-phase fully-controlled rectified circuit, which is with large inductive load, we take the front two items of the Maclaurin series of the DC voltage average as approximate formula, with considering of the effect of the AC-side inductance first, and further effect of AC resistance on DC voltage and commutation angle.

本文从带有高感性直流负载的三相全控整流电路稳态工作的物理情况出发，首先考虑了交流侧电感的影响，进而考虑交流侧电阻对直流电压、换相角的影响，将直流电压的平均值用麦克劳林级数表示，取前两项作近似，得出了实用的解析计算公式，并给出了计算步骤，实验证明该结果具有较高的精度。

To calculate self and mutual inductance of coreless transformer in printed circuit board, The author offered a new method to calculate based on Neumann equation as well as testing process and circuit.

为了计算印制版空芯变压器的自感和互感，提出一个以纽曼公式为基础的新的计算方法，并给出了测试方法和测试电路。

The article shows a new kind of power controller of micro-satellite. The controller is composed of charge control. Discharge control, shunt control and the equilibration circuit. The output voltage is stabilized by an automatic circuit controlled by the PWM signal, which is produced by comparing the sampling value of the output voltage with the reference voltage. The application indicates that the system which insured the safety property of Li-ion battery series runs stably as well as satisfied the need of the load no matter in what situation.

在我国航天用锂离子电池组控制电路研究相对落后的背景下，设计一了种新型的微小卫星电源控制器；该电源控制器包括充电、放电、分流和均衡保护部分，充电、放电、分流部分通过将母线电压的采样值与预设参考值比较产生PWM信号对制电路进行自动调节，均衡通过采样和处理器计算比较实现；实验结果表明，该控制器工作稳定，确保了锂离子电池组工作安全的同时，很好地满足了各种情况下母线负载的需求。

On the basis of characteristics of the electric circuit, theoretical analysis has been given about noise and bandwidth of the PMT preamplifier circuit, and theoretical formulas for noise and bandwidth have also been presented in this paper.

根据所研制电路的特点，论文还对光电倍增管前置放大电路的噪声和带宽进行了理论分析，给出了噪声和带宽的理论计算公式。

If we assume that we can tolerate errors of no more than 0.5 LSB, this calculation tells us that in a 16-bit SYSTEM with 10 V FS we must KEEP the total error to less than 76 pV, which is approximately equal to the thermo- ELECTRIC voltage in a nichrome wirewound RESISTOR with copper/nickel leads having about 2℃ temperature difference between its ends.

假设电路的噪声必须小于0.5LSB，按照前面的计算，这意味着在10V量程的电路中必须将噪声控制在76uV以下，而这个电压大致与线绕电阻的两个引脚间温差2C时的热噪声相当。

We have no common name for a mime of Sophron or Xenarchus and a Socratic Conversation; and we should still be without one even if the imitation in the two instances were in trimeters or elegiacs or some other kind of verse--though it is the way with people to tack on 'poet' to the name of a metre, and talk of elegiac-poets and epic-poets, thinking that they call them poets not by reason of the imitative nature of their work, but indiscriminately by reason of the metre they write in.

索夫农 、森那库斯和苏格拉底式的对话采用的模仿没有一个公共的名称；三音步诗、挽歌体或其他类型的诗的模仿也没有——人们把&诗人&这一名词和格律名称结合到一起，称之为挽歌体诗人或者史诗诗人，他们被称为诗人，似乎只是因为遵守格律写作，而非他们作品的模仿本质。

The relationship between communicative competence and grammar teaching should be that of the ends and the means.

交际能力和语法的关系应该是目标与途径的关系。