计算机的硬件

The confidentiality of the existing rules and regulations to conduct a comprehensive clean-up, failed to meet the job requirements of confidentiality under the new situation, the timely amendment, supplement; right not included in the management of classified computers within the LAN, it is necessary to develop practical management systems into effective Monitoring scope; the establishment of classified removable storage media, a registration system for the device model, hardware number, custodian, enable time registered in the books, and report to the offices of record; the establishment of classified computers, classified removable storage media to go out the registration ledger system; non-classified computer connected to the Internet is strictly prohibited non-classified computer and between computers with classified national security department without the approval of the removable storage media to transfer data directly; classified obsolete computers and removable storage media must be submitted to Council Committee for the record confidentiality, rosters later physical methods for destruction.

对现有的保密规章制度进行一次全面清理，对不适应新形势下保密工作要求的，及时进行修订、补充；对未纳入局域网内管理的涉密计算机，要制定切实可行的管理制度，纳入有效监控范围；建立涉密移动存储介质登记制度，将设备型号、硬件编号、保管人、启用时间等登记在册，并报局办公室备案；建立涉密计算机、涉密移动存储介质外出登记台账制度；严禁涉密计算机接入互联网，严禁非涉密计算机与涉密计算机之间用未经国家保密部门认可的移动存储介质直接传输数据；涉密计算机及移动存储介质报废，须报局保密委备案，登记造册后用物理方法进行销毁。

With the idea of students foremost, for everyone to success, with the spirit of seeking perfection by harmony and comity, with the objects for high quality education and founding famous unit, we'll make great progress in teaching, education research, strict organization and favourable service to form the school spirit of solidification, diligence, pioneer, lovingness, and aspiration, to form the teaching style of preciseness, cooperation, and innovation, to form the learning style of work, aggressiveness, thoughtfulness, and knowledge, to build the projects of education innovation in class teaching, of development in teaching research, of inner quality in the learning of arts, computer and English, of hardware in the equipments, to create "four- specialty" unit of teachers with special teaching skills, of students with extra abilities, of school with particular characteristics.

学校秉承"以人为本，为了每一个孩子的成功"的办学理念，以"尚美和合"精神引领各项工作，以"实施优质教育，创建区域名校"为目标，努力在教学、科研、管理、服务上进行不断的创新、探索。逐步形成了团结勤奋，开拓求真，尊师爱生、立志成才的校风；严谨扎实，协作创新的教风；刻苦勤奋，自主进取，思辨明理，全面发展的学风。大力实施以课堂教学改革为核心的创新教育工程；以教育科研为动力的可持续发展工程；以艺术语言、计算机语言和英语言为特色的现代人素质工程；以设施装备数字化为特征的硬件加速工程。扎实推进素质教育，形成了教师有特点，学生有特长，学校有特色，办学有特质的"四特"格局。

The contents of the course include: what operating system are, what they do, how they are designed, and where they came from; a general history and explanations of computer system, and some discussion on hardware and the relation between operating system and other software; concept of process, process states and process control block, process queue, management of processes; concepts of sequent programming and parallel programming, process synchronization and its application, process communication; scheduling level and job state transition, job scheduling, process scheduling, and methods for scheduling; deadlock and its necessary conditions, deadlock prevention, control and recovery of deadlock; fixed partition, multiple partition and replacement partition memory management, swapping and overlays; page, segmentation and segmentation with paging storage management, basic concept of virtual memory management, and page, segmentation and segmentation with paging memory management.

课程的内容包括：计算机系统概述、操作系统的形成、发展、功能、特性、类型和发展趋势；操作系统的硬件环境、操作系统与其它系统软件的关系；进程的概念、进程的状态和进程控制块、进程队列、进程的管理；顺序程序设计和并行程序设计概念、进程间的同步与互斥、同步机构应用、进程间通信；调度的层次和作业状态转换，作业的调度、进程调度、调度算法；死锁问题的提出、死锁的必要条件、死锁的预防、避免、控制和恢复；固定分区、可复分区、多重分区内存管理技术以及覆盖技术和交换技术；分页域、分段域、段页域存储管理技术、虚拟存储管理的基本概念、分页域、分段域、段页域虚拟存储管理。

On PC-compatible computers, the set of essential software routines that test hardware at startup, start the operating system, and support the transfer of data among hardware devices.

在 PC 兼容计算机中主要软件例程的集合，用于在计算机启动时检测硬件，启动操作系统以及支持硬件设备之间的数据传送。

So we designed a adaptive synchronizing controller based on hereinbefore hardware environment: first a small magnitude reference signal r is outputted to system through the signal card (to ensure that the vibrating system works in a linear state), and this signal is sent to the moving coil of vibrator through the power amplifier, so vibration is produced through electromagnetic induction. Secondly the vibration signal can feedback to the data acquiring card in the servo system through the acceleration sensor on the Vibroseis reactor M〓 and the base-plate M〓, then the computer can get the current vibrating state y〓 of the coil of vibrator according to the feedback information from the data acquiring card, and give a real time comparing between the current state y〓 and the reference output y〓 of the set-in reference model with current reference input being r , then regulates the correlative controlling parameters according to the error e〓=y〓-y〓 till y〓→y〓, finally normal signal sweeping begins with a certain phase fixed. Meanwhile a synchronization signal for seismic signal record is sent to seismograph from synchronization signal outputting component in the Vibroseis system to perform the controlling process of synchronization of sweeping phases.

为此，我们基于以上的硬件环境设计了一个自适应同步控制器：首先通过信号发生卡对系统输出小幅度的参考信号r(从而保证振动系统工作处于线性状态)，信号通过前置放大器、功率放大器等送到激震器动圈，并通过电磁感应产生振动，振动信号通过可控震源激震器反应块M〓和基板M〓上的加速度传感器反馈给伺服系统中的数据采集卡，工控计算机根据采集卡的反馈信息，获取当前激震器动圈的振动状态y〓，并实时地将该状态与内置的参考模型在当前参考输入r下的参考输出y〓进行辨识，再将两者输出误差e〓＝y〓-y〓对系统的有关控制参数进行调整，直至y〓→y〓，最后在经过某一固定的相位后，开始信号的正常扫描过程，与此同时，由可控震源系统的同步信号输出部件向地震仪送出一地震信号记录同步信号，进而完成扫描相位同步控制过程。

In this dissertation the"Penalty"finite element method was employed to compute the velocity of the three-dimensional flow of power-law fluid in a profile die. In order to decrease the needed computer memory and raise the stability of numerical simulation, a set of decoupled methods such as PFEM, pseudo-body force method and transformation of momentum equation to the elliptic equation was developed to establish the general finite element equations to compute the distributions of velocity and viscoelastic stress of the three-dimensional viscoelastic flow of the Phan ThienTanner fluid in a profile die. During numerical simulation of the extrudate swell of the PTT fluid, the flow in the die and out of the die was analyzed separately, which demands less computer memory.

本文建立了求解挤出口模内幂律流体流动速度场的通用三维罚有限元模型；对于非线性粘弹性的Phan Thien-Tanner流体，为了降低模拟计算对计算机硬件的要求，并使模拟计算更加稳定，采用了一种去耦算法，包括罚有限元方法、拟体力方法和动量方程的椭圆类方程转化方法，并建立了求解速度场和粘弹性应力场的总体有限元方程；对于PTT流体的挤出胀大问题，提出了挤出胀大熔体口模内外分离模拟法，这样可以显著降低数值模拟对计算机硬件的要求。

In this dissertation the"Penalty"finite element method was employed to compute the velocity of the three-dimensional flow of power-law fluid in a profile die. In order to decrease the needed computer memory and raise the stability of numerical simulation, a set of decoupled methods such as PFEM, pseudo-body force method and transformation of momentum equation to the elliptic equation was developed to establish the general finite element equations to compute the distributions of velocity and viscoelastic stress of the three-dimensional viscoelastic flow of the Phan ThienTanner fluid in a profile die. During numerical simulation of the extrudate swell of the PTT fluid, the flow in the die and out of the die was analyzed separately, which demands less computer memory. The key techniques used in numerical simulation of the three-dimensional extrusion from dies such as decision of boundary conditions, creation of initial velocity field, selection of penalty factor, high Weissenberg number problem , regeneration of the free surface were studied in detail.

中文题名聚合物异型材口模挤出三维流动研究副题名外文题名 Study on three-dimensional flow of polymer melts during the process of profile extrusion from dies 论文作者涂志刚导师柳和生包忠诩教授学科专业材料加工工程研究领域\研究方向学位级别博士学位授予单位南昌大学学位授予日期2001 论文页码总数148页关键词挤出成型聚合物材料挤出口模聚合物异型材馆藏号BSLW /2003 /TQ320 /9 本文建立了求解挤出口模内幂律流体流动速度场的通用三维罚有限元模型；对于非线性粘弹性的Phan Thien-Tanner流体，为了降低模拟计算对计算机硬件的要求，并使模拟计算更加稳定，采用了一种去耦算法，包括罚有限元方法、拟体力方法和动量方程的椭圆类方程转化方法，并建立了求解速度场和粘弹性应力场的总体有限元方程；对于PTT流体的挤出胀大问题，提出了挤出胀大熔体口模内外分离模拟法，这样可以显著降低数值模拟对计算机硬件的要求。

In their over 20 years' development process, the printer channels have experienced a process from big profit to low, low sales to huge, low cost to high, simple distribution sales to the specialized sales.

上世纪40年代，计算机技术产生并应用于超级计算中，随着计算技术和计算机硬件技术的不断发展，计算机不断应用在办公、家庭等领域。

I also thought that the beginning of the phenomenon of the failure was due to display card driver caused the destruction, so I right-click the desktop system, the "My Computer" icon on the shortcut menu from the pop-up the implementation of "property "command, open the System Properties settings window, click the window of the" hardware "tab, and in the corresponding tab page, click" Device Manager "button, open the device list window, use the mouse to start the window "Show card" option, and then double-click the mouse "standard VGA graphics adapter" project, open the corresponding project page the driver tab, click the tab page in the "Uninstall" button to display the current card driver procedure removed, and then restart the computer system, then let the system automatically re-installed the graphics card driver.

开始阶段笔者还以为该故障现象是由于显示卡驱动程序遭到破坏引起的，于是笔者用鼠标右键单击系统桌面中的&我的电脑&图标，从弹出的快捷菜单中执行&属性&命令，打开系统的属性设置窗口，单击该窗口中的&硬件&标签，并在对应的标签页面中单击&设备管理器&按钮，打开系统的设备列表窗口，用鼠标展开该窗口中的&显示卡&选项，再用鼠标双击&标准 VGA 图形适配器&项目，打开对应项目的驱动程序标签页面，单击该标签页面中的&卸载&按钮，来将当前的显示卡驱动程序删除掉，之后将计算机系统重新启动了一下，同时让系统自动重新安装了显示卡驱动程序。

This book summarizes the various changes in the computer publishing, computer word processing, graphics, image processing, the main line, introduced the printing press and computer typesetting of the principles and techniques, and computer systems used in publishing software and hardware, and computer published in all areas covered by the system were correlation analysis.

本书总结了计算机出版系统的各种变革，以计算机文字处理、图形图象处理为主线，介绍了印刷媒体与计算机排版的原理及技术、并对计算机出版系统的用的软件和硬件，以及计算机出版系统涉及的各个领域作了相关分析。

We have no common name for a mime of Sophron or Xenarchus and a Socratic Conversation; and we should still be without one even if the imitation in the two instances were in trimeters or elegiacs or some other kind of verse--though it is the way with people to tack on 'poet' to the name of a metre, and talk of elegiac-poets and epic-poets, thinking that they call them poets not by reason of the imitative nature of their work, but indiscriminately by reason of the metre they write in.

索夫农 、森那库斯和苏格拉底式的对话采用的模仿没有一个公共的名称；三音步诗、挽歌体或其他类型的诗的模仿也没有——人们把&诗人&这一名词和格律名称结合到一起，称之为挽歌体诗人或者史诗诗人，他们被称为诗人，似乎只是因为遵守格律写作，而非他们作品的模仿本质。

The relationship between communicative competence and grammar teaching should be that of the ends and the means.

交际能力和语法的关系应该是目标与途径的关系。