计算机的硬件

People are required to know and analyze the operating axes of rotary kiln in time in practice, in order to adjust and maintenance it in reason. So The Great Wall Aluminum Corporation of China bankrolled for studying the microcomputer real-time monitoring system of large-scale rotary kiln and commissioned Central South University to develop it.Based on analyzing and comparing the status quo of the monitoring system of rotary kiln, this paper brings forward a new method of monitoring the operating status of rotary kiln. It analyses the system-error and the configuration and demonstrate the feasibility in detail. In the design of hardware configuration it analyzes the principle and speciality of the tailor-made eddy current transducer and PCI-1713 analog input card and the multilevel supervisory network.

本论文首先在分析和比较同内外回转窑检测系统现状的基础上，首次提出了新的回转窑运行状态检测方法，并从系统误差及可行性角度进行了详细的分析和论证；其次，在监测系统硬件结构设计中，详细地分析了多级管理网络的实现，PCI-1713双缓冲区高速数据采集装置的原理、特点、工作过程，以及针对该系统恶劣的工作环境、特定性能要求而设计的特制电涡流传感器的原理、波形特性及性能特点，及为了减小非线性误差而采用计算机软件进行多段线性插补方法实现误差补偿；另外，在系统软件设计中，详细地分析了高速数据采样软件、智能信号处理软件、系统监测软件的实现，分析了采用模糊自适应滤波方法有效地滤除本系统恶劣环境下的各种干扰因素，并简要地介绍了系统分析软件的功能。

Business electronic commerce covers include: exchange of information, pre-market after-sale (for products and services details, the use of technology products guides, answering customer opinion), marketing, electronic payment (using electronic funds transfer, credit cards, electronic chouse, and electronic cash), transport, the gradual virtual enterprises (formation of a physical, non-existent enterprises. Concentrate a number of small independent companies' competence than any single company to provide more and more products and services), companies and trading partners can share jointly owned and operated business methods, etc. In short, e-commerce is the use of existing computer hardware, software and network infrastructure. The agreement will connect through electronic network environment for a variety of business activities.

电子商务涵盖的业务包括：信息交换、售前售后服务（提供产品和服务的细节、产品使用技术指南、回答顾客意见）、销售、电子支付（使用电子资金转帐、信用卡、电子支票、电子现金）、运输、逐渐虚拟企业（组建一个物理上不存在的企业，集中一批独立的中小公司的权限，提供比任何单独公司多的多的产品和服务）、公司和贸易伙伴可以共同拥有和运营共享的商业方法等等总而言之，电子商务是利用现有的计算机硬件设备、软件和网络基础设施，通过一定的协议连接起来的电子网络环境进行各种各样商务活动的方式。

Distributed interactive simulation technology has developed for decades andapplied to diverse industries. It is now enhanced with the development of computerhardware and network technology, and also modeling technology, virtual realitytechnology, software technology, and so on. On the other hand, people are bringingforward more and more requirements on distributed interactive simulation applications.Supports of distributed simulation systems are required on applications that involves inmassive complex simulation environment and large quantity of simulation nodes andentity objects, such as military simulation, online games. These requirements ask forhigh scalability of simulation support platform.

随着计算机硬件和网络性能的显著提高，现代建模技术、虚拟现实技术和软件技术等技术的发展，给已经发展了几十年的、深入各行各业的分布式交互仿真注入了新的内容和活力；而在另一方面，随着社会的进步，人们对分布式交互仿真的需求也越来越广泛，要求也越来越高，特别是在军事仿真、网络游戏等领域涉及到大规模仿真环境和大量仿真节点及实体的应用，需要分布式交互仿真系统的支持，这就对仿真支撑平台的可扩性提出了较高的要求。

Structural Experiment is a basic subject in the Structural Engineering Major, which weighs heavy to the studying researchers on the experimental data accompanied by the former researchers" achievement and lucubration. And the experimental scope is expanding wider, so that making full use of each laboratory"s experimental equipment to conduct the collaborative experiment is also the developing trend. With the rapid development of the computer and network technology, hardware technique has provided the accessible condition for the Structural Experiment, and database technique has offered the convenience and possibility for the experimental results and datas save and data exchange.

结构实验是结构工程专业的一门基础学科，而且随着研究的深入，前人的研究成果，特别是研究试验数据对于继续研究的人员来说有特别重要的意义，并且实验规模也在不断扩大，充分利用各个实验室的实验设备条件进行协同实验也是发展趋势，随着计算机技术以及网络技术的飞速发展，硬件技术都为这一切提供了可行的条件，数据库技术为结构实验提供了保存实验结果、实验数据以及实验数据交换提供了便利和可能。

The article through practice analysizes the local wireless broadcasting system, application of the elements and means of communication technology is being updated, A set of half-automatic broadcasting system controlled by hardware has been designed and assembled; A set of all-automatic broadcasting system controlled by computers has been designed and assembled; A set of emission equipment has been designed; Noise has been lowered in the transmission of audio-frequency so that the audio effect has been raised; new ways of audio-frequency transmission have been developed based on the technology of computer network.

本文通过对局域无线广播系统运行现状的分析和研究，运用电子信息技术的基本原理和方法，设计并自行装配了一套由硬件控制的半自动播出系统；研究开发了一套由计算机软件控制的全自动播出系统；设计了发射装置；通过对音频信号的传播环节进行降噪处理来提高收听品质；基于数字音频技术，开辟新的音频传播途径；并对系统功能的拓展进行探讨。

First, the stations'timing process and the slot aligning are discussed. Second, the dissertation propose a resource request random access method based on feedback. The performances of this method are analyzed. Third, proceed from the considerations of the MAC protocol for the HFC system, a QOS-oriental scheduling algorithm for the MAC protocol based on dynamic TDMA is proposed. Simulation results show that the performance of this algorithm is better than that of the first come first service. Forth, two contention resolution algorithms ----p-persistent CRA and tree CRA, which are usually adopted in the HFC system, are summarized. The delay and characteristic are compared. At last, the dissertation introduces the function implementation of the MAC layer based on COM21 UPSTREAMS.

首先，讨论了基站的同步进程和时隙同步的实现；然后，本文提出了一种带反馈模块的资源申请信号随机接入方法，并对其进行性能分析；然后，从HFC系统的MAC协议出发，提出了一种用于基于动态TDMA技术的MAC协议的业务安排算法，计算机仿真结果表明其性能优于先到先服务法的性能；然后概述了常用于HFC系统的两种冲突解决算法——p-坚持冲突解决算法和树型冲突解决算法，比较两者的时延性能与特征；最后，介绍了基于COM21 UPSTREAMS协议的MAC层功能实现，给出了硬件框图和照片。

Busparallel expansion and pipeline technique are adopted to improve the average inputand output speed of recorder based on FLASH memory. 2 A concept of 'cluster' isintroduced. The using state message of each cluster is loaded in the spare area,following the target datum, to keep the pipeline sequence of multiple clusters' loading, which guarantee the average input speed of system. 3 Based on the using statemessage of every cluster, the Cluster Allocation Table established in memory enablethe system to manage the recorder flexibly in high speed, similar to a file managementsystem. 4 PowerPC 8245 based embedded system, along with Vxworks real-timeoperating system is introduced to make the system more easier to be applied to theprojects in the future.

本文所述的关键技术特点主要包括：采用了并行扩展以及流水线操作技术以提高基于FLASH芯片的存储区平均输入输出能力；引入了&簇&的概念，为了保证连续写入过程中的流水线顺序，系统向存储区加载每一簇有效数据后，紧接着还将向相应簇的空余区中加载该簇的使用状态信息；根据所有簇的使用状态信息在系统内存中建立&簇分配表&，可以支持系统快速灵活地管理存储区，即，类文件化的数据管理；采用基于PowerPC8245的嵌入式计算机硬件系统及基于Vxworks的嵌入式实时操作系统，提高了系统的整体性能及系统研发的延续性。

Through the study of single-chip applying system in computer total distributed system of intelligent greenhouse, the idea of embedded and self-developing of single-chip is purposed, and hardware and partial software of applying system are designed.

本文通过对智能温室计算机集散系统中的单片机应用系统的研究，提出了单片机嵌入式自开发的思想，对单片机应用系统中的微处理器系统进行了硬件设计及部分软件的设计。

The designing of this article first introduced the determinant keyboard's theory and application,through to analysis its connection electric circuit in very great detail ,and then used VHDL hardware description language and FPGA device to complete FPGA-based determinant keyboard connection electric circuit design with modular design mathod.

本文设计首先介绍行列式键盘的原理和应用，通过对其接口电路的详细分析；然后利用VHDL硬件描述语言和FPGA器件并采用模块化设计的方法完成了基于FPGA的行列式键盘接口电路的设计；最后通过计算机仿真，对本文设计的行列式键盘接口电路的正确性进行了验证。

We have no common name for a mime of Sophron or Xenarchus and a Socratic Conversation; and we should still be without one even if the imitation in the two instances were in trimeters or elegiacs or some other kind of verse--though it is the way with people to tack on 'poet' to the name of a metre, and talk of elegiac-poets and epic-poets, thinking that they call them poets not by reason of the imitative nature of their work, but indiscriminately by reason of the metre they write in.

索夫农 、森那库斯和苏格拉底式的对话采用的模仿没有一个公共的名称；三音步诗、挽歌体或其他类型的诗的模仿也没有——人们把&诗人&这一名词和格律名称结合到一起，称之为挽歌体诗人或者史诗诗人，他们被称为诗人，似乎只是因为遵守格律写作，而非他们作品的模仿本质。

The relationship between communicative competence and grammar teaching should be that of the ends and the means.

交际能力和语法的关系应该是目标与途径的关系。