计算时间

Simplier and more efficient ion extraction methods for atomic vapor laser isotope separation AVLIS were evaluated using a 2-D electron-equilibrium model to compute and compare three electrostatic methods the parallel electrode method, the Π type electrode method, and the improved M type electrode method.

为探索用于原子蒸气激光同位素分离AVLIS的简单有效的离子引出方法，用二维流体理论电子平衡模型计算比较了3种静电场方法平行板电场法，Π型电极法，改进M型电极法计算发现，二维流体理论电子平衡模型并不能很好地描述Π型电极法对另外两种静电场方法，计算了不同外加电压、不同的初始原子密度和不同的目标同位素丰度等条件下的离子引出情况从计算结果可以看出，改进M型电极法不论是从离子引出时间还是从碰撞损失率，都要比平行板电极法好得多当外加电压较高或初始原子密度较高时，这种好处就更加明显因此，改进M型电极法是一种可供实际采用的比较好的静电场方法

The numerical results indicated that the mixing time decreases about linearly with increasing current intensity. The mixing time decreases first then increases with increasing current frequency and comes up to its minimum value at 30Hz. Applying the traveling magnetic field to the uptake or downtake when the exciting current intensity is 200 A at 10 Hz, the mixing time can be shortened by 9%~17%. With the operating conditions kept unchanged, shorter mixing time is available if applying the traveling magnetic field to the uptake instead of downtake, and the time can be shortened by 18%~26% if applying the magnetic field to both the uptake and downtake. Moreover, the mixing time decreases with increasing argon blowing flowrate, and the time comes down to its minimum value if the argon blowing flowrate is 1 600 NL/min. After the moment, the mixing time increases with argon blowing flowrate.

计算结果表明：混匀时间随电流强度的增大而减小，并且近似成线性关系；混匀时间随电流频率的增加先减小后增大，并且在30Hz 时达到极小值；在励磁电流强度为200A ，频率为10Hz 的条件下，在上升管或下降管施加行波磁场混匀时间可缩短9%~17%；在相同操作条件下，在上升管处施加行波磁场混匀时间小于在下降管施加行波磁场的混匀时间；同时在上升管和下降管施加行波磁场，混匀时间可缩短18%~26%；混匀时间随吹氩量的增大而减小，在吹氩量为1600NL/min 时混匀时间达到极小值，吹氩量继续增大时，混匀时间反而增大。

Studied present measuring methods" advantages and disadvantages, and presented the necessity and importance of researching propellant transient heat transfer.2.according to 130 and aeronautic 90 rocket projectiles" structure, analysed and acquired physical and mathematical models for propellant transient heat transfer, also designed propellant temperature field simulation units for test.3.acquired discrete transient heat balance equation and temperature calculation program, and gave contrasting curves between experimental temperature values and program calculating temperature values as well as maximum errors and average square root errors between them.4.by programs based on the first class boundary condition, worked out temperature distribution in propellant temperature field simulation units at different time, analysed temperature field distribution law and main elements affecting heat transfer, acquired propellant mass weighted average temperature and one at the half position of propellant maximum thickness as well as maximum errors and average square root errors between them.5.established transient heat transfer mathematical model and temperature calculation program for the third class boundary condition, drew contrasting curves between temperature experimental values and calculation values and gave maximum errors and average square root errors between them, got temperature distribution in the simulation unit at different time and main elements affecting heat conduction, figured out propellant mass weighted average temperature and one at the half position of propellant maximum thickness as well as maximum errors and average square root errors between them.

分析了现有测试方法的优缺点，提出了研究推进剂瞬态导热的必要性和重要性。 2。根据130和航90两种火箭弹的结构，分析得到了推进剂传热的物理模型和数学模型，设计了推进剂温度场模拟实验装置。 3。得到了离散形式的瞬态热平衡方程和温度场计算程序，给出了实验温度与程序计算温度值的对比曲线及其最大偏差与均方差。 4。利用程序求出了第一类边界条件下、不同时刻推进剂温度场模拟装置中的温度分布，分析了温度场的分布规律和影响传热的主要因素，求出了推进剂质量加权平均温度和最大肉厚1／2处的温度时间曲线并给出了两者之间的最大偏差与均方差。 5。建立了第三类边界条件下的瞬态导热数学模型和温度计算程序，求出了温度实测值与计算值的对比曲线并给出了两者之间的最大偏差与均方差，得到了不同时刻温度场模拟装置的温度分布与影响导热的主要因素，求出了推进剂质量加权平均温度和最大肉厚1／2处温度及两者之间的最大偏差与均方差，讨论并确定了能代表130和航90推进剂温度的特征点的位置。

By using K-ε twoequation model to modify turbulent flow, the simulation results could coincide better with the real filling processes. Combined flow path analytical program which was used to revise the ingate velocity, it increased the accuracy effectively, and raised the calculating velocity.

该软件首次采用非均匀网格剖分技术，更为逼真地反映了铸件的几何形状；耦合计算过程中，采用简化耦合算法，避免了繁复的迭代过程，缩短了迭代时间，且计算精度能满足工程要求；采用K-ε双方程紊流模型对紊流流动进行修正，模拟结果更加符合实际充型过程；联合流路解析程序修正内浇口入流速度，有效地提高了计算精度，加快了计算速度。

Angular spectral is spectral value map formed by estimating semblable coefficients of fast and slow shear wave or the variation of amplitude ratio of fast and slow shear wave with times and angles at a specified space point based on semblable theory of fast and slow shear wave, the angle value of this space point at a given time can be got by picking the maximum of angular spectral; the study reveals that fast and slow shear wave with different polarization direction should be separated using different rotation formula, eight formulas of separating fast and slow shear wave using clockwise rotation and counterclockwise rotation have been derived, and gained energy assignment rule and phase coincidence rule, in real data estimation, the rotation formula used for separating fast and slow shear wave can be uniquely determined on the two discriminating rules. On the basis of semblable theory of fast and slow shear wave, the delay time corresponding to the maximum of semblable coefficients at a specified point in a given time window is the delay time of fast and slow shear wave, delay time section of fast and slow shear wave can be got by moving space point and smoothing time window. The vertical variation values of delay time of fast and slow shear wave reflect the effect degree of vertical fractured reservoir on fast and slow shear wave which is defined as anisotropic coefficient, and section map of anisotropic coefficient can be obtained.

角度谱就是利用快慢横波的相似性原理，在某一空间点求出快慢横波的相似系数或快慢横波的振幅比值随着时间和角度的变化而形成的谱值图，拾取其极大值就得到该空间点某一时间的角度值；在研究中发现分离不同偏振方向的快慢横波应该采用不同的旋转公式，推导出了利用顺时针旋转和逆时针旋转分离快慢横波的八个公式，并给出了能量分配准则和相位一致性准则两个判别准则，在实际计算中利用这两个判别准则能唯一地确定分离快慢横波的旋转公式；根据快慢横波的相似性原理，在某一给定点和给定时窗内最大相似系数对应的延迟时间就是快慢横波的延迟时间，随着空间点的移动和时窗的滑动就可以得到快慢横波延迟时间的剖面图；快慢横波延迟时间与慢横波传播时间的比值定义为裂缝密度，并求出了裂缝密度剖面图；快慢横波延迟时间纵向上的变化值的大小反映了纵向上裂隙层对快慢横波影响的大小，定义为各向异性系数，并求出了各向异性系数的剖面图。

Multitasking operating systems come in two flavors: cooperative multitasking and preemptive multitasking. Linux, like all Unix variants and most modern operating systems, provides preemptive multitasking. In preemptive multitasking, the scheduler decides when a process is to cease running and a new process is to resume running. The act of involuntarily suspending a running process is called preemption. The time a process runs before it is preempted is predetermined, and it is called the timeslice of the process. The timeslice, in effect, gives each runnable process a slice of the processor''s time. Managing the timeslice enables the scheduler to make global scheduling decisions for the system. It also prevents any one process from monopolizing the processor. Bs we shall see, this timeslice is dynamically calculated in the Linux process scheduler to provide some interesting benefits.

多使命操作体系可化分为两类：非抢占式多使命以及抢占式多使命所有像Unix的变种体系以及很多现代操作系同同样，Linux提供抢占式的多使命模式在抢占式多使命模式中，调度步伐决议啥子时候进程中止，新的进程能够开始得到运行这个被强制挂起的动作就叫做抢占进程在被抢占前，运行的时间是预知的，这个时间叫做时间片究竟上，时间片是为每一个运行态的进程分配处置惩罚器的时间的一片管理时间片，使能调度步伐为体系做好整个的局面：胸怀～调度决议时间片也能阻止任何一个进程垄断处置惩罚器正如我们看到的，在Linux进程调度步伐中时间片是蜂蜜面膜动态计算出来的，这样带来很多利益

Then, according to phase space reconstruct technique from one-dimensional and multi-dimensional time series, the quantitative criterion and rule of system chaos which combine neural network, analyses, computations and sort are conducted on EEG signals of five kinds of human consciousness activities. The author finds that statistic results of the determinism computation in time series indicate that chaos characteristic may lie in human consciousness activities, and central tendency measure is consistent with phase graph, so it may become one division way of attractor; approximate entropy of different subjects exists discrepancy; correlation dimension and Lyapunov exponent of different consciousness activities indicate that attractors of human activities are all fractional; nonlinear quantitative criterion and rule, which unites neural network, can distinguish different styles of consciousness activity in principle, and the result of sortation takes on that consciousness activity type of arithmetic is distinguished more easily than that of abstract.

采用一维与多维时间序列相空间重构技术和系统混沌的定量判据准则，结合神经网络，对五种思维作业方式的脑电信号进行了分析、计算与分类，发现确定性计算的统计结果表明人类的意识活动中可能蕴含混沌特性，中心趋向测量(Central Tendency Measure，CTM)与相图吻合较好，可作为EEG吸引子的区分方法之一；功率谱分析反映出单个受试者的各种意识形态的差异很小，但是不同意识活动谱中的活跃频段还是略有差异的；个体之间的近似熵存在差异，同种状态下近似熵大的人可能具有更好的创新性；关联维数和Lyapunov指数的计算结果表明大脑的运动落在具有分维的奇怪吸引子上；非线性量化方法与神经网络相结合，可对人脑思维活动进行较好的分类，并且从分类结果来看数理计算类思维活动较抽象类思维活动有着更好的区分度。

Firstly, the flood control regulation of TGP in Sep is computed based on the analyses on the inflow in Sep and Oct, and the risk and loss on the ahead impounding scheme is calculated and analyzed. Then, the storage level, power production and releasing discharge are achieved by computing on the electricity generation model through reservoir regulation graph. Thirdly, obstruction in channel is analyzed and the problem in the Chongqing reach is more serious in 175-145-155m scheme. The sediment aggrading process and distribution on different schemes is calculated by 1-D reservoir mathematical model. The navigation benefit is computed by navigation model. Based on above calculations, the impounding time is decided by the multi-purpose decision model, and evaluate by analytical hierarchy and balance layout model. A best impounding scheme is achieved to match the requirement of flood control electricity generation and navigation et al.

首先，在对宜昌站9、10月份来水分析的基础上，采用第2章建立的防洪优化调度子模型进行了三峡水库9月份防洪调度，分析了汛末提前不同天蓄水对防洪的影响，计算了汛末不同蓄水方案水库9月份的洪灾风险率和风险损失；接着，根据第2章建立的发电调度子模型进行了三峡水库发电调度计算，得出了不同蓄水方案下水库的坝前水位、发电量及下泄流量过程；然后，分析了175-145-155m方案下三峡水库的碍航问题，指出175-145-155m方案下重庆河段的碍航问题最为严重，通过进行不同蓄水方案下水库一维泥沙冲淤计算，得出了不同蓄水方案下库区淤积过程及分布，并通过航运调度子模型，计算了不同蓄水方案下水库的航运效益；最后，根据以上防洪、发电及航运调度计算的结果，运用第3章水沙多目标决策模型对水库的蓄水时间进行了多目标决策，并采用层次加权均衡规划模型对计算结果进行评价，得到一个能满足水库防洪、发电及航运各方面要求的最佳蓄水方案。

The difference between the national "Code for design of metro"(GB50157-2003) and the NFPA130 "Standard for Fixed Guide-way Transit and Passenger Rail Systems" on calculation method for person evacuation time in the metro station fire is compared.

针对地铁车站火灾人员疏散时间计算方法的问题，比较研究国内现行《地铁设计规范》(GB50157-2003)和美国专门针对有轨交通系统的NFPA130标准的异同，其结果说明：国内设计规范关于人员疏散时间的计算方法存在不足；对区间隧道内列车着火的情况进行分析讨论，指出对列车在区间隧道内着火，且还能继续运行的情况，着火列车的运行速度对火势的发展以及人员疏散时间的影响是不可忽视的。

A time-delay reconstruction of a phase space equal to the original system has been made by analyzing of observed time series of current signal and vibratory signal, and the methods of choosing properly the embedding dimension and delay-time for phase space reconstruction have been studied in detail.

本文利用振动信号和电流信号时间序列，采用时间延迟法，重构了系统的等价相空间，并详细研究了嵌入维数及时间延迟的选择对重构相空间的影响，计算了铣削加工典型过程的Lyapunov指数谱，分析了系统的混沌特性；同时采用P-G算法，计算了混沌动力系统的奇异吸引子的分维数，分析了分维数与系统状态的关系，定量地指示出系统的混沌程度，同时也反映出系统的不可预报程度。

In the negative and interrogative forms, of course, this is identical to the non-emphatic forms.

。但是，在否定句或疑问句里，这种带有"do"的方法表达的效果却没有什么强调的意思。

Go down on one's knees;kneel down

屈膝跪下。。。下跪祈祷