计算单元

The results show that the infinite method is valid in solving problems in infinite domain and thus high precision can be obtained by eliminating the border effect in finite element analysis.

采用具有精确解的无限厚壁圆筒作有限单元法分析和无限单元法分析，通过对这两种分析方法的分析结果的比较得知：无限单元法是解决无限域问题的一种有效的方法，采用这种分析方法进行隧道及地下工程结构分析，可以消除有限单元法所带来的边界效应，从而使计算精度大为提高。

Combining with the element-free method,a boundary element method without singular integration is presented by using non-singular fundamental solution to establish the boundary integral equation for electromagnetic field.

用非奇异基本解建立电磁场问题的边界积分方程，将其与无单元法相结合，提出了电磁场计算的无奇异积分的边界无单元法，编制了相应的计算程序，计算结果表明，方法合理可行。

To provide credible data for empirical model,a method of calculating the weighted average gray value of compartment area was designed in this paper.It worked especially when the compartment area was as large as pixel.The GeoTIFF form was adopted as the RS data type.The Matlab software was used to read and store RS image.The pixel was divided into smaller units to calculate the area of spackle in each pixel by counting the amount of the units.

：为了给遥感反演模型提供可靠数据，该文设计了一种按面积加权计算不规则图斑遥感影像灰度值的方法，特别是当图斑面积接近像元大小的时候；遥感数据采用被广泛支持的GeoTIFF格式，使用Matlab将遥感影像的灰度信息及元数据读取并存入数据库中；通过将像元分解成更小的单元，统计各像元在图斑内小单元的个数，计算图斑在各像元所占的面积，按照面积加权的方式计算得到图斑的平均灰度值。

In the new method for two-dimensional problems the line integrals onboundary elements are converted into the evaluation of potentialfunctions at the ends of these elements.For three-dimensional cases,thesurface integrals on the usual boundary elements are transformed,through an application of Stokes'theorem,into line integrals on thebounding contours of these elements.

边界轮廓法是刚刚出现的一种新型的边界元法，该方法的核心是利用边界积分方程被积函数散度为零的特性，对二维问题，原积分方程中沿边界单元的线积分被化为单元两端点势函数之差计算，对三维问题，将边界单元上的面积分转变为沿单元轮廓的线积分，它是一种十分简便有效的边界元新技术。

It will consume lots of CPU time and hard disk space of computer in calculating the ultimate torsional moment of a hull girder by using FEM, especially for the complex structure. The ultimate torsional moment of box thin-walled beam is analyzed by using finite element method. The influences of different characteristic parameters on the ultimate torsional strength are extensively studied.

在船体梁扭转极限承载能力的有限元计算中，对於比较大而且形状复杂的结构，需要采用足够多的单元数来模拟其真实的破坏模态，因而会耗费大量的CPU计算时间和硬盘空间，并且往往因为单元数太多而使数值计算变得不现实。

This dissertation applies 3-D finite element theory to development of the shape functions and stiffness matrixes of the triangular prism isoparameter elements (6 to 15 nodes). A calculating method for Gaussian integral in triangular prism is presented.

本文应用三维有限元理论，构造了一类五面体6～15节点单元的形函数，提出了在五面体单元内的Gauss积分处理方法，建立了相应的单元刚度矩阵，将其与六面体8～21节点单元结合，可用于计算焊接钢结构的应力场。

First, the cross section of a boxlike girder is discretized into stiffened elements and corner elements, then the FEM program is compiled to calculate the curve between stress and strain of every stiffened element.

加筋板单元是船舶与海洋工程等箱型梁结构的主要组成构件，首先将箱型梁剖面离散成若干加筋板单元和角单元，利用非线性有限元方法逐一计算加筋板单元的应力—应变关系曲线，然后再用逐步破坏分析法得到整个结构的弯矩—曲率曲线，从而求得其极限弯矩。

This paper, considering the character of stress redistribution after cracking, divides concrete elements into crackable elements and uncrackable elements. On one hand, this cracking model does not need to generate new elements and save computing time, which is similar to the benefits of smeared cracking model.

本文根据混凝土开裂后应力重分布的特点，将混凝土单元划分为可开裂单元与不可开裂单元，在计算上具有分布式裂缝模型不用重新划分单元，节省机时的优点；同时在裂缝绘制方面，又具有分离式裂缝模型形象直观的长处。

The methods of discretization is used in the vertical direction to the silo structure ,thus establish cylindrical shell unit, cone shell unit , plate unit , foundation unit, and its semi-analytic displacement function A compute program compiled is used to calculate the static displacement and free vibratioa

本文对筒仓结构进行整体离散，构造了各种单元半解析的位移函数，建立环壳单元、锥壳单元、板单元、地基单元。并编制了程序，计算了各结线的静位移及其自由振动的频率和振型。

Finally, based on the theory of Timoshenko beam, a beam model of this crankshaft is built, which is compared with solid model. The results indicate that this beam model can meet the needs of calculation precision and calculation efficiency. With this beam model, the condition in which real loads are put on the crankshaft is simulated. The displacement curves、velocity curves、acceleration curves of the main journals and the pulley of this crankshaft and torsion vibration curve of the pulley are then gained. With these curves, the dynamic characteristic of the crankshaft is analyzed. The conclusion indicates that this crankshaft has good dynamic characteristic.

最后利用Timoshenko梁理论建立了曲轴的梁单元模型，将此梁单元模型与体单元模型进行了比较，结果表明梁单元模型能够满足精确度和计算效率的要求；利用该梁单元模型，模拟了实际条件下的载荷作用时曲轴的响应，得到了曲轴各主轴颈和皮带轮端的位移、速度、加速度曲线以及皮带轮端的扭转振动曲线，分析了曲轴的动态特性，结论表明该型曲轴具有良好的动态特性。

We have no common name for a mime of Sophron or Xenarchus and a Socratic Conversation; and we should still be without one even if the imitation in the two instances were in trimeters or elegiacs or some other kind of verse--though it is the way with people to tack on 'poet' to the name of a metre, and talk of elegiac-poets and epic-poets, thinking that they call them poets not by reason of the imitative nature of their work, but indiscriminately by reason of the metre they write in.

索夫农 、森那库斯和苏格拉底式的对话采用的模仿没有一个公共的名称；三音步诗、挽歌体或其他类型的诗的模仿也没有——人们把&诗人&这一名词和格律名称结合到一起，称之为挽歌体诗人或者史诗诗人，他们被称为诗人，似乎只是因为遵守格律写作，而非他们作品的模仿本质。

The relationship between communicative competence and grammar teaching should be that of the ends and the means.

交际能力和语法的关系应该是目标与途径的关系。