计算单元

In order to demonstrate the practicability of construction excogitation,further to ensure the security of the design and construction,this paper analysed the stress conditions of large span reticulated shell-string structure through simulating the process of construction,monitoring the whole construction process and the complete status of the large span reticulated shell-string structure us.

网壳施工时的受力情况不同于设计状态，应用ANSYS中的生死单元法，对大跨度双层张弦网壳施工进行模拟分析，并对施工全过程进行监测，将模拟计算结果与监测值、设计值进行比较，验证施工方案的可行性，确保了网壳在施工时的安全。

By doing so, the application of SDTFM is extended to random geometrical plane region. Compared with FEM, the method has such the advantages as using fewer elements, faster convergence and highter accuracy of computation especially in dealing with high gradient stress.

与单纯用有限元法求解相比较，本文方法具有划分单元少、求解速度快、计算精度高等优点，特别在求解高梯度应力时，显示极大的优势。

Both low memory size and small-scale computation are showed in the new algorithm, on the other hand, a new pivot rule, which is an exterior point method, also makes the new algorithm more efficient.

该算法以核心矩阵为运算单元，一方面呈现了存储空间小，计算量小的特点；另一方面，该算法采用了一种新的转轴规则的外点算法，在保持原始可行的基础上，不断改善对偶解使其可行。

It is the first important step in video analysis and will directly affects the effectiveness of indexing Shot boundary detection is one of our major research interests and we will tackle the following existing problems the ambiguity between gradual change and camera motion, the discontinuity during gradual change, false detection caused by illumination variation and flashlight, automatic threshold selection Firstly, we discuss shot boundary detection in non-compressed domain In chapter 2, we compare some of the commonly used detection methods which are based on frame difference and point out that single feature will not generate good results As a conclusion, we use fuzzy logic to combine multiple features Presently, most frame difference based shot boundary detection algorithms rely on threshold and hence the selection of such thresholds will greatly affect the performance of boundary detection We propose a membership function to define frame difference and calculate the membership with self adaptation according to the statistic distribution of frame differences to satisfy different type of video clips Experiments show that the proposed fuzzy shot boundary detection algorithm can be used with different video types and has a high detection precision and recall In chapter 3, we discuss model-based shot boundary detection algorithms regarding chromatic and spatial editing effects such as fade-in, fade-out, dissolve and wipe Various parameters are proposed to better describe the characteristics of each editing type.

镜头边界的检测是把视频自动地分割为一个个镜头，作为基本的索引单元，因此它是视频分析重要的第一步，直接影响到视频检索的成败。镜头边界的检测是本文研究的重点之一。目前镜头边界检测算法主要存在以下问题：渐变与镜头运动难以区别；渐变过程中的不连续与停顿、光照条件的变化及闪光灯等特殊情况会引起误检测；自动选择阈值比较困难等。本文首先针对非压缩域视频进行了镜头边界检测的研究。在第二章中我们采用了比较流行的基于帧间差的方法。在比较各种帧间差计算方法的基础上，指出使用单一的特征难以取得很好的检测效果，提出用模糊逻辑综合使用各种特征。目前大多数基于帧间差的镜头边界检测算法都采用阈值法进行镜头转换的判别。阈值选择的误差对检测性能有较大的影响，本文提出用隶属度函数定义帧间差较大、中等较大和较小等概念，并根据帧间差的统计分布自适应地确定隶属度，以适应不同类型的视频片断。实验结果表明这种基于糊逻辑的镜头边界检测算法可以适应不同的视频，并具有较高的检测精度和检出率。在第三章中采用基于模型的方法进行镜头渐变的检测，研究了淡入／淡出、慢转换和扫换的模型。

To simplifying calculation, the membranee element was used, and the finite element equation for big strain was induced.

为了简化计算采用三角薄膜单元，并推导出相应的大变形有限元矩阵方程。

With the development of computer technology and numerical modeling techniques, many numerical methods have been established and applied to this field. Finite element method is one of the most effective.

随着计算机科学和数值计算方法的发展，目前已经有很多数值方法应用于大体积混凝土结构温度应力仿真分析中，其中有限单元法是一种十分有效的数值分析方法。

In this paper, we propose a new method to implement full adder based on chaos computing. By setting different thresholds and judgment conditions, the full adder is implemented by using only one chaotic unit.

基于混沌计算的思想提出了实现全加器的新方法，通过设定不同的阀值及判断条件，使用一个混沌单元实现全加器。

Natural element method is a recently developed meshless method and is essentially the Galerkin method based on natural neighbour interpolation.

自然单元法是一种新兴的无网格数值计算方法，其实质是基于自然相邻插值的伽辽金法。

Remove row and column' and 'put a big number' have been used for the first boundary;a continuous Regional Identification Function is used on the basis of non-variant nodal virtual flux method for the free surface boundary;Gauss formula is used to make the curved surface integral of the free surface boundary transformed as the difference between volumn integral and other curved surface integral to calculate the integral item on boundaries, which avoiding finding the position of free surface, while the continuous Regional Identification Function is applied to calculate volumn integral and surface integral;Crout and PCG method is used for solusion.

对于已知水头边界，采用"去行去列法"和"置大数法"进行处理；对于自由面穿过的单元，在固定网格节点虚流量法的基础上，引入连续的区域识别函数；对于非稳定渗流中自由面边界积分项，采用高斯公式将求自由面的面积分转化为求体积分与其他面积分之差，避免了求自由面的具体位置，同时在计算体积分和面积分时采用连续的区域识别函数；在解法上，采用直接解法和PCG法。

A third order ENO finite volume method for hyperbolic conservation laws on unstructured triangular mesh is introduced.In order to obtain the third order accuracy on spatial discretization,a weighted quadratic interpolation is constructed on every triangular mesh.Two point Gauss quadrature formula is also used on each edge of every triangular mesh and the third order TVD Runge-Kutta method is used for time discretization.The numerical order of convergence and the numerical result of a mesh 3 wind tunnel with one step are given.

摘 要 基于双曲型守恒律方程，对非结构三角形网格给出了一种ENO(Essentially Nonoscillatory Scheme)型有限体积格式，方法的主要思想是先对每一个三角形单元构造一个加权的二次插值多项式，而在计算交界面的流通量时采用了两点高斯积分公式以保证格式的整体精度，时间离散采用三阶TVD Runge-Kutta方法。

We have no common name for a mime of Sophron or Xenarchus and a Socratic Conversation; and we should still be without one even if the imitation in the two instances were in trimeters or elegiacs or some other kind of verse--though it is the way with people to tack on 'poet' to the name of a metre, and talk of elegiac-poets and epic-poets, thinking that they call them poets not by reason of the imitative nature of their work, but indiscriminately by reason of the metre they write in.

索夫农 、森那库斯和苏格拉底式的对话采用的模仿没有一个公共的名称；三音步诗、挽歌体或其他类型的诗的模仿也没有——人们把&诗人&这一名词和格律名称结合到一起，称之为挽歌体诗人或者史诗诗人，他们被称为诗人，似乎只是因为遵守格律写作，而非他们作品的模仿本质。

The relationship between communicative competence and grammar teaching should be that of the ends and the means.

交际能力和语法的关系应该是目标与途径的关系。