计算单元

By using the method of limited unit , we build up the stiffness matrix of triangular unit of the light gauge sheet of variable thickness and produce the mathematic model for the computation of the stress and displacement at the center of the triangular unit .

应用有限元方法，建立了变厚度薄板三角形单元刚度矩阵，给出了变厚度薄板三角形单元形心上的应力和位移计算的数学模型。

Based on the analysis of the results of these two cases, the rule of element's σ, at different position is presented, and it shows that the steel panel can effectively reduce the maximal σ, of the element adjacent to the steel panel, and can postpone the arriving time within the simulation time. At the same time, the simulation reveals that the boundary effects don't affect the spalling in the similar structure presented in this paper.

通过对两种情况下的结果分析，揭示了混凝土不同位置处单元σ值的时程规律，得到了在计算时间内钢板的存在能够有效地减小相邻混凝土单元的最大拉应力，并延长其出现时间；同时得到了在类似研究的工程结构中，边界效应对混凝土层裂现象无影响。

In the paper, based on the hypothesis that the failure of every poles is independent and by the method of reliability assign and reassign, the difficult problem of disposing the structure system reliability constraints is solved. Based on sensitivity information, the given system failure probability can be replaced by the sum of every element failure probability.

针对基于体系可靠性约束优化设计的关键问题一结构体系可靠性的分析和计算，在基于结构各单元失效相互独立假设的基础上，提出了以各单元失效概率摘要之和近似体系失效概率的处理方法，并给出了体系可靠性分配和再分配的方法，以确保结构体系在优化过程中的可靠性，实现了结构基于体系可靠性的优化设计。

In the paper, based on the hypothesis that the failure of every poles is independent and by the method of reliability assign and reassign, the difficult problem of disposing the structure system reliability constraints is solved. Based on sensitivity information, the given system failure probability can be replaced by the sum of every element failure probability. And then the structural optimization design based on system reliability is preceded.

针对基于体系可靠性约束优化设计的关键问题一结构体系可靠性的分析和计算，在基于结构各单元失效相互独立假设的基础上，提出了以各单元失效概率之和近似体系失效概率的处理方法，并给出了体系可靠性分配和再分配的方法，以确保结构体系在优化过程中的可靠性，实现了结构基于体系可靠性的优化设计。

In air defense shooting module, the damage probability in air defense fire unit was used to describe whether the air defense fire unit hit the target or not.

对空射击模块通过计算防空兵火力单元的毁歼率描述防空兵火力单元是否命中目标。

Divide the whole region D into finite units and corresponding link points may be obtained. Constructing the equation of variation calculation about every element leads to the finite number of equations. Further more, algebra equation group for general synthesis are gained by adding these finite number of equations, that is,{T}={P} where is the coefficient matrix of the equation group, or say the temperature rigidity matrix,{T} is the row vector of unknown temperature and {P} is the row vector of the terms on the right side of the equation.

然后将整体区域D划分成有限个单元并得到相应的有限个节点，从而可以得到关于每个单元的变分计算方程，将这有限个方程相加就得到了总体合成的代数方程组，即{T}={P}，其中为方程组的系数矩阵，也称温度刚度矩阵，{T}为未知温度值的列向量，{P}为等式右端项组成的列向量。

The finite element analysis models of linear elastic fracture with 20-nodes substance element and cracking singular element were established.

提出采用20节点等参单元、裂缝奇异单元，建立了铺装层线弹性断裂力学有限元模型，通过裂缝尖端应力强度因子的计算，研究了钢桥面沥青铺装层破坏情况对裂缝扩展的影响。

Calculation of the energy release rate with finite element method is conducted. The concrete beam model is meshed using a method without need of considering the crack-tip singular element.

采用有限元分析方法对三点弯曲混凝土梁的能量释放率进行了计算，在对混凝土梁进行单元划分时，避免使用奇异性单元来模拟梁的裂尖奇异性。

Joints are modeled by spring and rigid beam elements based on their mechanical properties, and the stiffness of five typical joints are calculated.

根据接头的力学特性，利用弹簧单元和刚性梁单元对接头进行了模拟，计算了车身5种典型接头的刚度。

Inthis work, by using the boundary element method and the joint theory, thewhole machine structure is equivalently modeled by beam elements and spring elements,the corresponding whole machine static model is constructed and the basic propertyparameters of the unit surface of the joints are introduced. The analysis software of thewhole machine static feature is worked out. The optimal design method based on thegenetic algorithm is proposed with the whole machine structure of multiple variablerestrains the optimal design software is developed as well.

本文运用边界元方法和结合部理论，将机床整结构用梁单元和弹簧单元进行等效，并建立相应的整机静力学模型，引入了结合面基础特性参数；编制了相应的整机静态特性解析软件；然后针对多变量约束的机床整机结构提出了用遗传算法进行优化设计的方法，并且编制了相应的优化计算软件。

We have no common name for a mime of Sophron or Xenarchus and a Socratic Conversation; and we should still be without one even if the imitation in the two instances were in trimeters or elegiacs or some other kind of verse--though it is the way with people to tack on 'poet' to the name of a metre, and talk of elegiac-poets and epic-poets, thinking that they call them poets not by reason of the imitative nature of their work, but indiscriminately by reason of the metre they write in.

索夫农 、森那库斯和苏格拉底式的对话采用的模仿没有一个公共的名称；三音步诗、挽歌体或其他类型的诗的模仿也没有——人们把&诗人&这一名词和格律名称结合到一起，称之为挽歌体诗人或者史诗诗人，他们被称为诗人，似乎只是因为遵守格律写作，而非他们作品的模仿本质。

The relationship between communicative competence and grammar teaching should be that of the ends and the means.

交际能力和语法的关系应该是目标与途径的关系。